Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of daily exposure to a denture cleanser on a multispecies biofilm.
Materials and methods
Multispecies biofilms (five bacteria and Candida albicans) were developed for 64.5 h on acrylic resin specimens and randomized into control and experimental groups. In the experimental group, biofilms were immersed in denture cleanser for 3 min/day for seven consecutive days. In the control group, the biofilms were developed with no treatment for the same period. Biofilms from both groups were collected after 1, 4, and 7 days and analyzed for the number of microorganisms and polysaccharide concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy (CLSM) analyses were performed.
Results
The total microorganism counts and bacterial populations were lower in the experimental group compared to the control group for all of the periods evaluated. However, the C. albicans counts continuously increased in all of the cleanser-exposed biofilms, with abundant hyphae forms on SEM and CLSM images. The polysaccharide concentration was significantly higher in the experimental group after 7 days.
Conclusions
Daily exposure of a multispecies biofilm to a denture cleanser reduces the number of total microorganisms but favors C. albicans development.
Clinical relevance
Daily use of denture cleanser is an effective method for controlling bacteria in biofilm, but it can potentially select C. albicans, an important etiological agent of oral candidosis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Spratt DaP J (2003) Biofilms and the oral cavity. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 2(2–4):109–120
Glass RT, Conrad RS, Bullard JW, Goodson LB, Mehta N, Lech SJ, Loewy ZG (2010) Evaluation of microbial flora found in previously worn prostheses from the northeast and southwest regions of the United States. J Prosthet Dent 103(6):384–389
Jagger DC, Harrison A (1995) Denture cleansing—the best approach. Br Dent J 178(11):413–417
Dills SS, Olshan AM, Goldner S, Brogdon C (1988) Comparison of the antimicrobial capability of an abrasive paste and chemical-soak denture cleaners. J Prosthet Dent 60(4):467–470
Budtz-Jorgensen E (1979) Materials and methods for cleaning dentures. J Prosthet Dent 42(6):619–623
Nakamoto K, Tamamoto M, Hamada T (1991) Evaluation of denture cleansers with and without enzymes against Candida albicans. J Prosthet Dent 66(6):792–795
Nikawa H, Yamamoto T, Hamada T, Sadamori S, Agrawal S (1995) Cleansing efficacy of commercial denture cleansers: ability to reduce Candida albicans biofilm activity. Int J Prosthodont 8(6):527–534
de Freitas Fernandes FS, Pereira-Cenci T, da Silva WJ, Filho AP, Straioto FG, Del Bel Cury AA (2011) Efficacy of denture cleansers on Candida spp. biofilm formed on polyamide and polymethyl methacrylate resins. J Prosthet Dent 105(1):51–58
Iseri U, Uludamar A, Ozkan YK (2011) Effectiveness of different cleaning agents on the adherence of Candida albicans to acrylic denture base resin. Gerodontology 28(4):271–276
Paranhos HF, Silva-Lovato CH, de Souza RF, Cruz PC, de Freitas-Pontes KM, Watanabe E, Ito IY (2009) Effect of three methods for cleaning dentures on biofilms formed in vitro on acrylic resin. J Prosthodont 18(5):427–431
Drake D, Wells J, Ettinger R (1992) Efficacy of denture cleansing agents in an in vitro bacteria–yeast colonization model. Int J Prosthodont 5(3):214–220
Li L, Finnegan MB, Ozkan S, Kim Y, Lillehoj PB, Ho CM, Lux R, Mito R, Loewy Z, Shi W (2010) In vitro study of biofilm formation and effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment on various dental material surfaces. Mol Oral Microbiol 25(6):384–390
Guggenheim B, Giertsen E, Schupbach P, Shapiro S (2001) Validation of an in vitro biofilm model of supragingival plaque. J Dent Res 80(1):363–370
Guggenheim B, Meier A (2011) In vitro effect of chlorhexidine mouth rinses on polyspecies biofilms. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed 121(5):432–441
Arif N, Do T, Byun R, Sheehy E, Clark D, Gilbert SC, Beighton D (2008) Veillonella rogosae sp. nov., an anaerobic, Gram-negative coccus isolated from dental plaque. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58(Pt 3):581–584
Zylber LJ, Jordan HV (1982) Development of a selective medium for detection and enumeration of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii in dental plaque. J Clin Microbiol 15(2):253–259
Aires CP, Del Bel Cury AA, Tenuta LM, Klein MI, Koo H, Duarte S, Cury JA (2008) Effect of starch and sucrose on dental biofilm formation and on root dentine demineralization. Caries Res 42(5):380–386
Dubois MGK, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F (1956) Colorimetric method for determinations of sugars and related substances. Anal Chem 28:350–356
Thurnheer T, Gmur R, Giertsen E, Guggenheim B (2001) Automated fluorescent in situ hybridization for the specific detection and quantification of oral streptococci in dental plaque. J Microbiol Methods 44(1):39–47
Thurnheer T, Gmur R, Guggenheim B (2004) Multiplex FISH analysis of a six-species bacterial biofilm. J Microbiol Methods 56(1):37–47
Chan EC, Iugovaz I, Siboo R, Bilyk M, Barolet R, Amsel R, Wooley C, Klitorinos A (1991) Comparison of two popular methods for removal and killing of bacteria from dentures. J Can Dent Assoc 57(12):937–939
de Oliveira VM, de Lucena SC, Garcia RC, Del Bel Cury AA (2011) Effect of a denture cleanser on the concentration of volatile sulphur compounds and denture biofilm in institutionalised elderly. Gerodontology 28(2):134–139
de Andrade IM, Cruz PC, da Silva CH, de Souza RF, Paranhos Hde F, Candido RC, Marin JM, de Souza-Gugelmin MC (2011) Effervescent tablets and ultrasonic devices against Candida and mutans streptococci in denture biofilm. Gerodontology 28(4):264–270
Thein ZM, Samaranayake YH, Samaranayake LP (2007) In vitro biofilm formation of Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species under dynamic and anaerobic conditions. Arch Oral Biol 52(8):761–767
Nasution O, Srinivasa K, Kim M, Kim YJ, Kim W, Jeong W, Choi W (2008) Hydrogen peroxide induces hyphal differentiation in Candida albicans. Eukaryot Cell 7(11):2008–2011
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Prof. Dr. Bernhard Guggenheim for providing the microorganisms used in the multispecies biofilm. The authors also thank FAPEMA (BD 00296/10) for the PhD scholarship to the first author. This work was supported by São Paulo Research Foundation—FAPESP (2010/07894-9).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship or publication of this article.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
de Lucena-Ferreira, S.C., Ricomini-Filho, A.P., da Silva, W.J. et al. Influence of daily immersion in denture cleanser on multispecies biofilm. Clin Oral Invest 18, 2179–2185 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-014-1210-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-014-1210-9