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Molecular characterization of the complete genome of a novel ormycovirus infecting the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hortiboletus rubellus

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Abstract

Advancements in high-throughput sequencing and the development of new bioinformatics tools for large-scale data analysis play a crucial role in uncovering virus diversity and enhancing our understanding of virus evolution. The discovery of the ormycovirus clades, a group of RNA viruses that are phylogenetically distinct from all known Riboviria members and are found in fungi, highlights the value of these tools for the discovery of novel viruses. The aim of this study was to examine viral populations in fungal hosts to gain insights into the diversity, evolution, and classification of these viruses. Here, we report the molecular characterization of a newly discovered ormycovirus, which we have named "Hortiboletus rubellus ormycovirus 1" (HrOMV1), that was found in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hortiboletus rubellus. The bipartite genome of HrOMV1, whose nucleotide sequence was determined by HTS and RLM-RACE, consists of two RNA segments (RNA1 and RNA2) that exhibit similarity to those of previously studied ormycoviruses in their organization and the proteins they encode. The presence of upstream, in-frame AUG triplets in the 5’ termini of both RNA segments suggests that HrOMV1, like certain other ormycoviruses, employs a non-canonical translation initiation strategy. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HrOMV1 is positioned within the gammaormycovirus clade. Its putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) exhibits sequence similarity to those of other gammaormycovirus members, the most similarity to that of Termitomyces ormycovirus 1, with 33.05% sequence identity. This protein was found to contain conserved motifs that are crucial for RNA replication, including the distinctive GDQ catalytic triad observed in gammaormycovirus RdRps. The results of this study underscore the significance of investigating the ecological role of mycoviruses in mycorrhizal fungi. This is the first report of an ormycovirus infecting a member of the ectomycorrhizal genus Hortiboletus.

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Funding

This study was funded by the Dokuz Eylul University Coordinatorship of Scientific Research Projects, with project number FBA-2023-2990.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca, Izmir, 35390, Turkey

    Ergin Sahin

  2. Fauna and Flora Research and Application Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca, Izmir, 35390, Turkey

    Ergin Sahin

  3. Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ankara University, Dışkapı, Ankara, 06110, Turkey

    Gulce Edis

  4. Evolutionary Genetics Laboratory (eGL), Faculty of Agriculture Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Ankara University, Dışkapı, Ankara, 06110, Turkey

    Emre Keskin

  5. Faculty of Science Department of Biology, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, 06100, Turkey

    Ilgaz Akata

Authors
  1. Ergin Sahin
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  4. Ilgaz Akata
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Contributions

ES conceptualized, designed, and performed the experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. GE performed the experiments and analyzed the data. EK and IA analyzed the data. ES and IA participated in revising the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ergin Sahin.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest in this study.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Communicated by Massimo Turina

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Sahin, E., Edis, G., Keskin, E. et al. Molecular characterization of the complete genome of a novel ormycovirus infecting the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hortiboletus rubellus. Arch Virol 169, 110 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-024-06027-1

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