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Genotypes and morphologies of bovine papillomaviruses in Costa Rica

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Abstract

Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) infect the basal layer of the epithelium of bovines, where they persist asymptomatically or produce benign fibroepithelial hyperplasia in the skin or mucosa. The aim of the present study was to describe the genotypes of bovine papillomas at the macroscopic and microscopic level. A descriptive study was carried out using non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Ninety-nine papillomas from 63 animals were collected on 32 farms, as well as information about age, gender, breed, and productive use of the bovines. The location, type, and degree of epithelial invasion of the papillomas were recorded. The samples were subjected to molecular and histopathological analysis. Papillomas were found most frequently on dairy farms (75.0%), in females (95.0%), in cattle of the Holstein breed (45.0%), and in animals over 24 months of age (50.0%). Most of the positive animals had from 1 to 15 papillomas (31.6%) and only one type of papilloma (79.4%). Cauliflower-like papillomas were found in 48.5% of the cases, while atypical papillomas were found in 11.1% of the cases. Cauliflower-like papillomas were found mainly on the udder (14.4%), head (10.0%), and neck (10.0%) and were associated with five BPV genotypes (BPV1, BPV2, BPV6, BPV7, and BPV10), while BPV2 and BPV6 were found to be associated with all types of papillomas (cauliflower, flat, pedunculated, and atypical). The presence of BPV11 in flat papillomas and BPV6 in atypical papillomas is reported here for the first time. Morphology and histopathological findings did not allow differentiation of the BPV genotypes.

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Funding

This research was conducted in the framework of the project Diagnóstico e Investigación en Medicina Poblacional, sponsored by FUNDAUNA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad Nacional, Posgrado Regional en Ciencias Veterinarias Tropicales, Maestría en Enfermedades Tropicales, Heredia, Costa Rica

    Ramsés Alfaro-Mora, Ruth Castro-Vásquez & Gaby Dolz

  2. Dirección de Investigación, Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica

    Ramsés Alfaro-Mora

  3. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Innovación y Transferencia en Tecnología Agropecuaria, San José, Costa Rica

    Ruth Castro-Vásquez

  4. Universidad Nacional, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Heredia, Costa Rica

    Julia Rodríguez & Gaby Dolz

Authors
  1. Ramsés Alfaro-Mora
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  2. Ruth Castro-Vásquez
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  3. Julia Rodríguez
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  4. Gaby Dolz
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Contributions

Conceptualization: RA-M. Methodology: RA-M, GD, RC-V, and JR. Formal analysis and investigation: RA-M. Writing: RA-M. Writing—review and editing: RA-M, JR, and GD. Funding: GD. Resources: GD. Supervision: GD. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ramsés Alfaro-Mora.

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The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Ethical approval

This study was carried out in accordance with Law 7451 Animal Welfare and was approved by the Bioethics and Animal Welfare Commission of the National University of Costa Rica (UNA-EMV-CBBA-ACUE-005-2018).

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Handling Editor: Graciela Andrei.

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Alfaro-Mora, R., Castro-Vásquez, R., Rodríguez, J. et al. Genotypes and morphologies of bovine papillomaviruses in Costa Rica. Arch Virol 168, 114 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-023-05745-2

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