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Vector species, pasture legume host range, and impact on grain legumes of an Australian soybean dwarf virus isolate

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Abstract

Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV; family Tombusviridae, genus Luteovirus, species Soybean dwarf virus) can cause damaging disease epidemics in cultivated plants of the family Fabaceae. The biological characteristics of SbDV isolate WA-8, including its vector species, host range, and impact on Australian grain legume cultivars, were investigated in a series of glasshouse experiments. Isolate WA-8 was classified as the YP strain, as it was transmitted by Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) and Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) and infected known strain indicator species. Of the 18 pasture legume species inoculated with SbDV, 12 were SbDV hosts, including eight that had not been identified previously as hosts. When inoculated with SbDV, field pea (Pisum sativum), faba bean (Vicia faba), lentil (Lens culinaris), and narrow-leafed lupin cv. Jurien were the most susceptible (70 to 100% plant infection rates), and albus lupin (Lupinus albus), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), and narrow-leafed lupin cv. Mandelup were less susceptible (20 to 70%). Over the course of three experiments, chickpea was the most sensitive to infection, with a > 97% reduction in dry above-ground biomass (AGB) and a 100% reduction in seed yield. Field pea cv. Gunyah, faba bean, and lentil were also sensitive, with a 36 to 61% reduction in AGB. Field pea cv. Kaspa was relatively tolerant, with no significant reduction in AGB or seed yield. The information generated under glasshouse conditions in this study provides important clues for understanding SbDV epidemiology and suggests that it has the potential to cause damage to Australian grain legume crops in the field, especially if climate change facilitates its spread.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD) and Grains Research and Development Corporation project DAN00202 led by Dr. Joop van Leur (New South Wales Department of Primary Industries). We thank Jenny Reidy-Crofts (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) for provision of pea aphid clone Flor-1, and Paul Sanford (DPIRD) for original collection of SbDV isolate WA-8.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Primary Industry Development, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, Kensington, WA, 6151, Australia

    B. S. Congdon, J. R. Baulch & K. J. Foster

  2. UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    K. J. Foster

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Contributions

Design of experiments, data analysis, and writing of the manuscript were done by B. Congdon. Glasshouse experiments, virus testing, and data collection were done by B. Congdon and J. Baulch. K. Foster provided seed of pasture legume species in experiment 2 and editing of manuscript.

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Correspondence to B. S. Congdon.

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Congdon, B.S., Baulch, J.R. & Foster, K.J. Vector species, pasture legume host range, and impact on grain legumes of an Australian soybean dwarf virus isolate. Arch Virol 168, 20 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-022-05664-8

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