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Genetic characterization of low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated on the Izumi plain in Japan: possible association of dynamic movements of wild birds with AIV evolution

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Abstract

The Izumi plain in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, is an overwintering site of endangered cranes (hooded cranes and white-naped cranes) and of many other migratory birds (including wild ducks) that are considered carriers of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). To assess the risks of a highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in the crane populations, we tested various environmental samples for AIVs in this area. In the 2014–2015 winter season, we isolated one AIV of the H6N2 subtype from the cranes’ roost water and two AIVs of the H11N9 subtype from a crane fecal sample and a cloacal swab of a dead spot-billed duck. Genetic analysis of these AIV isolates indicated that our H6N2 isolate is genetically close to AIVs isolated from wild birds in Southeast Asian countries, except that the PB1 and NS genes belong to the North American virus lineage. All genes of the two H11N9 isolates are related to AIVs belonging to the Eurasian virus lineage. Notably, in our phylogenetic trees, H11 HA and N9 NA genes showing high sequence similarity to the corresponding genes of isolates from wild birds in South Africa and Spain, respectively, did not cluster in the major groups with recent wild-bird isolates from East Asia. These results suggest that AIVs with viral gene segments derived from various locations and bird species have been brought to the Izumi plain. These findings imply a possible association of dynamic movements of wild birds with AIV evolution.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the Project of the NARO Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution (“Integration Research for Agriculture and Interdisciplinary Fields” and “R&D matching funds on the field for Knowledge Integration and Innovation”) and by a grant for the contracted research activity for crane conservation with the City of Izumi, Japan. This research was commissioned by the Kagoshima Crane Conservation Committee.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan

    Hiroko Nakagawa, Kosuke Okuya, Toshiko Kawabata & Makoto Ozawa

  2. Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Transboundary Animal Diseases Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan

    Aya Matsuu, Kozo Takase & Makoto Ozawa

  3. United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, Japan

    Aya Matsuu & Kozo Takase

  4. Laboratory of Animal Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan

    Kozo Takase

  5. Matsuoka Research Institute for Science, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan

    Masakazu Kuwahara

  6. Kagoshima Crane Conservation Committee, Izumi, Kagoshima, Japan

    Shigehisa Toda

Authors
  1. Hiroko Nakagawa
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  2. Kosuke Okuya
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  3. Toshiko Kawabata
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  4. Aya Matsuu
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  5. Kozo Takase
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  6. Masakazu Kuwahara
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  7. Shigehisa Toda
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  8. Makoto Ozawa
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Correspondence to Makoto Ozawa.

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Handling Editor: Ayato Takada.

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Nakagawa, H., Okuya, K., Kawabata, T. et al. Genetic characterization of low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated on the Izumi plain in Japan: possible association of dynamic movements of wild birds with AIV evolution. Arch Virol 163, 911–923 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3698-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3698-1

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