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High genetic diversity of porcine enterovirus G in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

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Abstract

Between 2012 and 2015, 495 pooled snout swabs from fattening pigs raised in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, were screened for the presence of enterovirus G (EV-G) RNA. Nucleic acids were tested in diverse reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays applying published oligonucleotide primers specific for the viral protein (VP) 1 and 2/4 encoding regions as well as for 3D polymerase. Phylogenetic analyses of VP1 revealed the presence of 12 EV-G types, three of which had highly divergent sequences suggesting putative new types. Co-circulation of EV-G types was observed in several pigsties. Thus, genetic diversity of EV-G was demonstrated in this small geographic area.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (ICMB) in Kiel for providing Sanger sequencing as supported in part by the DFG Cluster of Excellence “Inflammation at Interfaces” and “Future Ocean”. We thank the technicians S. Greve, T. Henke, C. Noack (all ICMB) and M. Müller (Jena) for technical support. Furthermore, the support by I. Heyn and Dr A.-K. Brunnemann is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are indebted to U. Goullon and to N. Wree (both Bauernverband Schleswig-Holstein e.V.) for their continuous help.

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Author notes

  1. Roland Zell and Andi Krumbholz contributed equally to this study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany

    Jennifer Bunke, Kerstin Receveur, Ann Christin Oeser, Helmut Fickenscher & Andi Krumbholz

  2. Sektion für Experimentelle Virologie, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena und Universitätsklinikum Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07743, Jena, Germany

    Roland Zell

Authors
  1. Jennifer Bunke
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  2. Kerstin Receveur
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  4. Helmut Fickenscher
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  5. Roland Zell
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  6. Andi Krumbholz
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Contributions

AK conceived the study. JB, KR and A-CO extracted nucleic acids and conducted cDNA synthesis. JB and KR performed nested PCRs, cloning and sequencing (JB: Enterovirus G; KR: human entero-/rhinoviruses) and analysed the sequences by help of AK and RZ who also performed phylogenetic analyses. HF provided facility, material and helped with interpretation of data. All authors wrote and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andi Krumbholz.

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Funding

This study was supported by a grant from the Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank, Germany’s development agency for agribusiness (Frankfurt/Main).

Ethical standards

All animal samples were taken in accordance with national standards. In the case of the human respiratory samples being taken, informed consent was obtained from all individual participants. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Christian Albrecht University of Kiel (156/12) in close collaboration with the regional farmers’ association of Schleswig-Holstein.

Conflict of interest

All authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Handling Editor: Zhenhai Chen.

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Bunke, J., Receveur, K., Oeser, A.C. et al. High genetic diversity of porcine enterovirus G in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Arch Virol 163, 489–493 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3612-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3612-x

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