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Protective effects of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract based formulation of Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) on phenylhydrazine induced hemolytic anemia and metabo-hematological alterations in rats

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Abstract

Sub-Saharan Africa with anemia prevalence of 68% could qualify as the anemia capital of the world. Anemia in this region affects mainly pregnant women and children. The high incidence of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa makes anemia incidence worse as malaria parasites cause hemolytic anemia. Available treatments seem unpalatable due to side effects. The populace seeks medical attention via their traditional therapies like herbs. This study is aimed at evaluating the use of Mucuna pruriens herb in the treatment of hemolytic anemia secondary to malaria. Thirty-six adult male rats weighing between 150 and 200 g were divided into six groups (n = 6). Group I served as the negative control and received syrup formulation without the extract (placebo) but allowed access to food and water ad libitum. Groups II to VI received phenyl hydrazine 60 mg/kg for 3 days to induce anemia. Additionally, groups IV to VI received 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg of Mucuna pruriens syrup formulation respectively, while group III received a standard drug. Feed and water consumption were measured weekly while PCV, Hb, RBC, platelet, ESR, MCV, MCHC, MCH, WBC, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were measured before anemia induction and at days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Phytochemical analysis of the extract was also carried out. Administration of phenylhydrazine significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the levels of PCV, Hb, and RBC, respectively. Also, there is a significant increase in monocytes. Phytochemical analysis shows the presence of phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides. Mucuna pruriens is effective in the treatment of PHZ induced hemolytic anemia.

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  1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Ebeano Layout, Nkanu West L. G. A. Enugu State, Enugu, Nigeria

    Kenneth Obinna Okolo

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  1. Kenneth Obinna Okolo
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Correspondence to Kenneth Obinna Okolo.

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All the experimental procedures followed ethical approval for the care and use of animals in research. All the experimental procedures were performed according to the committee for the purpose of control and supervision of experiments on animals, norms, and approved by the Enugu State University of Science and Technology Animal Ethical Committee with an approval number ESUT/PHARM/0152.

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Okolo, K.O. Protective effects of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract based formulation of Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) on phenylhydrazine induced hemolytic anemia and metabo-hematological alterations in rats. Comp Clin Pathol 30, 765–774 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-021-03278-1

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