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Modulation of cholinergic, monoaminergic, and purinergic enzymes of the brain functions by bitter (Vernonia amygdalina) and water bitter (Struchium sparganophora) leaves extracts: comparison of phenolic constituents versus nootropic potentials

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Abstract

This study investigated the possible neuroprotective properties of two commonly consumed tropical vegetables. The modulatory effects of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and Struchium sparganophora (SS) on the activities of Na+/K+ ATPase, ecto-5′-nucleotidase, monoamine oxidase (MAO), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and FeSO4-induced oxidative stress in rat brain homogenate were assessed. The result revealed that both vegetables inhibited AChE, BChE, MAO, and ecto-5’nucleotidase activities, but stimulated Na+/K+ ATPase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The SS had a significantly higher (P ˂ 0.05) inhibitory effect on AChE (IC50 = 4.83 μg/mL), BChE (IC50 = 5.61 μg/mL), MAO (IC50 = 26.11 μg/mL), ecto-5′ nucleotidase (IC50 = 23.04 μg/mL) than VA [AChE (IC50 = 7.53 μg/mL), BChE (IC50 = 7.32 μg/mL), MAO (IC50 = 26.11 μg/mL), and ecto-5′ nucleotidase (IC50 = 42.35 μg/mL)]. Furthermore, SS (IC50 = 28.30 μg/mL) had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) stimulatory effect on Na+/K+ ATPase activity than VA (IC50 = 34.87 μg/mL). Both extracts exhibited a strong antioxidant properties as typified by their radicals (OH and DPPH) scavenging and Fe2+ chelating abilities, as well as inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate. The HPLC fingerprint of VA and SS extracts revealed the presence of catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, orientin, quercitrin quercetin, and luteolin. The stimulation of Na+/K+ ATPase activity, inhibition of 5′-nucleotidase, AChE, BChE, and MAO activities as well as Fe2+-induced oxidative stress could be a possible mechanism through which VA and SS exerts neuroprotective properties.

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Acknowledgements

The author(s) received no financial support towards this work. Publication of this article and all activities were solely carried out and funded by the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, 340001, Nigeria

    Ayokunle O. Ademosun, Ganiyu Oboh, Sunday I. Oyeleye, Isaac I. Ejakpovi & Taiwo M. Adewuni

  2. Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, 340001, Nigeria

    Sunday I. Oyeleye

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  1. Ayokunle O. Ademosun
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  2. Ganiyu Oboh
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  3. Sunday I. Oyeleye
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  4. Isaac I. Ejakpovi
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  5. Taiwo M. Adewuni
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Correspondence to Ganiyu Oboh.

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All institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals were followed. Animals were treated in reference to the laid down regulation by the National Academy of Science and National Institutes of Health (NIH 2011) for the care and Use of Laboratory Animals.

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Ademosun, A.O., Oboh, G., Oyeleye, S.I. et al. Modulation of cholinergic, monoaminergic, and purinergic enzymes of the brain functions by bitter (Vernonia amygdalina) and water bitter (Struchium sparganophora) leaves extracts: comparison of phenolic constituents versus nootropic potentials. Comp Clin Pathol 26, 1267–1272 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-017-2518-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-017-2518-z

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