Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Two foals with ectrodactyly in hindlimb: first report

  • Case Report
  • Published:
Comparative Clinical Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ectrodactyly refers to the congenital absence of phalanges as total or partial. In the veterinary literature, ectrodactyly has been described in dogs and domestic cats as a rare congenital heterogeneous disorder. The current report has described unilateral ectrodactyly in the left hindlimb of two born foals in an area with presence of Iranit and zinc manufactures. One of the foals was lack of the third phalanx and the other one had not the third and second phalanxes. No other abnormality was found in these cases. Various teratogens may be responsible for occurring skeletal anomalies. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report of ectrodactyly in horse.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aulthouse A, Hitt D (1994) The teratogenic effects of valproic acid in human chondrogenesis in vitro. Teratol 49(3):208–217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barrand KR (2004) Ectrodactyly in a west highland white terrier. J Small Anim Pract 45:315–318

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carrig CB, Wortman JA, Morris EL, Blevins WE, Root CR, Hanlon GF, Suter PF (1981) Ectrodactyly (split-hand deformity) in the dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 22:123–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carvallo FR, Domínguez AS, Morales PC (2010) Bilateral ectrodactyly and spinal deformation in a mixed-breed dog. Can Vet J 51:47–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen H, Boontheung P, Loo RR, Xie Y, Loo JA, Rao JY, Collins MD (2008) Proteomic analysis to characterize differential mouse strain sensitivity to cadmium-induced forelimb teratogenesis. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratolo 82(4):187–199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chung MS (2011) Congenital differences of the upper extremity: classification and treatment principles. Clin Orthop Surg 3:172–177

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Collins M, Walling K, Resnick E, Scott W (1991) The effect of administration time on malformations induced by three anticonvulsant agents in C57BL/6J mice with emphasis on forelimb ectrodactyly. Teratology 44(6):617–628

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper JE, Purton P, Poswillo DE (1990) A lobster claw abnormality in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Lab Anim 24:151–155

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira MP, Alievi MM, Beck CAC, Voll J, Muccillo MS, Gomes C (2007) Ectrodactyly in dog: case report. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 59:910–913

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harasen G (2010) Surgical management of ectrodactyly in a Siberian husky. Can Vet J 51:421–424

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Innes JF, McKee WM, Mitchell RAS, Lascelles BDX, Johnson KA (2001) Surgical reconstruction of ectrodactyly deformity in four dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 14:201–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Jubb KVF, Kennedy CP (2007) Pathology of domestic animal, 4th edn. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenneth AJ (2010) Skeletal disease. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC (eds) Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, 7th edn. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Menke LA, Bijlsma EK, Van Essen AJ, van den Boogaard MJ, van Rijn RR, Cobben JM (2008) Ectrodactyly with fibular aplasia: a separate entity? Eur J Med Genet 51(5):488–496

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery M, Tomlinson J (1985) Two cases of ectrodactyly and congenital elbow luxations in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 21:781–785

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogino T (2007) Clinical features and teratogenic mechanisms of congenital absence of digits. Develop Growth Differ 49:523–531

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pratschke K (1996) A case of ectrodactyly in a dog. Irish Vet J 49:412–413

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramadan RO (1993) Hemimelia and ectrodactyly in a Najdi sheep. Agri-Practice 14:30–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanders D, Stevens T (1991) Review of drug induced limb defects in mammals. Teratol 44:335–354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schneck GW (1974) Two cases of congenital malformation (peromelus ascelus and ectrodactyly) in cats. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 69:1025–1026

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Searle A (1953) Hereditary split-hand in the domestic cat. Ann Eugenics 17:279–282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seto ML, Nunes ME, MacArthur CA, Cunningham ML (1997) Pathogenesis of ectrodactyly in the dactylaplasia mouse: aberrant cell death of the apical ectodermal ridge. Teratol 56:262–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Towle HAM, Breur GJ (2004) Dystoses of the canine and feline appendicular skeleton. J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:1685–1692

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams RN, Bos DH, Gopurenko D, Dewoody JA (2008) Amphibian malformations and inbreeding. Biol Lett 4(5):549–552

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

    Shahrzad Azizi & Reza Kheirandish

  2. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran

    Morteza Kuhi

  3. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

    Amir Asadabadi & Vesal Abdoli

Authors
  1. Shahrzad Azizi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Morteza Kuhi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Reza Kheirandish
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Amir Asadabadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Vesal Abdoli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shahrzad Azizi.

Ethics declarations

This study was funded by grant number (AZ-91-11).

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Azizi, S., Kuhi, M., Kheirandish, R. et al. Two foals with ectrodactyly in hindlimb: first report. Comp Clin Pathol 26, 723–725 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-017-2408-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-017-2408-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation