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A ~565 Ma old glaciation in the Ediacaran of peri-Gondwanan West Africa

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Abstract

In the Cadomian orogen of the NE Bohemian Massif and of SW Iberia, a post-Gaskiers glacial event dated at c. 565 Ma has been detected. Such Ediacaran-aged glaciomarine deposits occur in the Weesenstein and Clanzschwitz groups of the Saxo-Thuringian zone (Bohemia) and in the Lower Alcudian group of the southern Central Iberian zone (Iberia). Both areas are parts of Cadomia situated in the Western and Central European Variscides. Glaciomarine sedimentary rocks are characterized by such features as dropstones, flat iron-shaped pebbles (“Bügeleisen-Geschiebe”), facetted pebbles, dreikanters, and zircon grains affected by ice abrasion. For age and provenance determination, LA–ICP–MS U–Pb ages (n = 1124) and Hf isotope (n = 446) analyses were performed. The maximum age of the glaciomarine deposits within a Cadomian back-arc basin based on U–Pb analytics resulted in the youngest detrital zircon populations showing ages of 562–565 Ma and of c. 566–576 Ma old zircon derived from granitoid pebbles within the diamictites. The youngest age recorded was 538–540 Ma based on zircon from the plutons which had intruded the previously deformed Ediacaran metasedimentary rocks. Previously described glaciomarine diamictites of Cadomia (Weesenstein, Clanzschwitz, and Orellana diamictites) are most definitely younger than the c. 579–581 Ma Gaskiers glaciation in Newfoundland (Gaskiers) and in SE New England (Squantum). We propose the term Weesenstein–Orellana glaciation for this new Ediacaran glacial event, named after the most relevant regions of exposure. Palaeogeographically, these glaciomarine diamictites and related sedimentary deposits lie on the periphery of the West African Craton (western peri-Gondwana), and evidence has been provided by detrital zircon U–Pb ages and their Hf isotope composition. Correlation with similar glaciomarine deposits in the Anti-Atlas (Bou Azzer) and Saudi Arabia suggests a continued distribution of post-Gaskiers glacial deposits along the Gondwana margin of Northern Africa. The Weesenstein–Orellana glaciation correlates in part with the Shuram–Wonoka δ13C anomaly.

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Acknowledgements

This is a contribution to IGCP project 648 “Supercontinent Cycles and Global Geodynamics”. Gregory J. Retallack (Eugene) and an unknown reviewer are thanked for their helpful reviews. We thank the Australian IGCP Committee for their funding support for the work in Saudi Arabia as well as the UNESCO IGCP Board for project IGCP587. Special thanks go to Fayek Kattan and his team from the Saudi Geological Survey for facilitating our work in Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, GeoPlasmaLab, Königsbücker Landstraße 159, 01109, Dresden, Germany

    Ulf Linnemann, Mandy Hofmann, Andreas Gärtner, Johannes Zieger & Rita Krause

  2. Departmento de Estratigrafía, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Agustín Pieren Pidal

  3. Department of Geology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland

    Kerstin Drost

  4. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Ríos Rosas 23, 28003, Madrid, Spain

    Cecilio Quesada

  5. Institut für Geowissenschaften, Mineralogie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Axel Gerdes & Linda Marko

  6. G.U.B. Ingenieur AG, Niederlassung Freiberg, Halsbrücker Straße 34, 09599, Freiberg, Germany

    Jens Ulrich

  7. Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne (Hawthorn), VIC, 3122, Australia

    Patricia Vickers-Rich

  8. School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Melbourne (Clayton), VIC, 3800, Australia

    Patricia Vickers-Rich

  9. School of Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne (Burwood), VIC, Australia

    Patricia Vickers-Rich

  10. Palaeontology Department, Museum Victoria, Carlton Gardens, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia

    Patricia Vickers-Rich

  11. National Museum Cardiff, Mineralogy and Petrology, Cathays Park, Cardiff, CF10 3NP, UK

    Jana Horak

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  1. Ulf Linnemann
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Correspondence to Ulf Linnemann.

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Linnemann, U., Pidal, A.P., Hofmann, M. et al. A ~565 Ma old glaciation in the Ediacaran of peri-Gondwanan West Africa. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 107, 885–911 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-017-1520-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-017-1520-7

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