Zusammenfassung
ZIEL: Erhebung von Patienten-charakteristika und Mortalitätsrisiko von intensivpflichtigen Frühgeborenen mit Nierenversagen mit besonderem Augenmerk auf Frühgeborene mit extrem niedrigem Geburtsgewicht. DESIGN: Retrospektive Studie mit Beschreibung des 5-Jahres-Outcome von Frühgeborenen, die im Jahre 2002 an der neonatalen Intensivstation betreut wurden, und die postnatal ein Serumkreatinin ≥1.5 mg/dl und/oder eine Harnausscheidung <1 ml/kg/h zeigten. SETTING: Tertiary Care Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, AKH, MUW Wien. PATIENTEN: 16 von 359 Frühgeborenen erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien (9 männliche, 7 weibliche). Das mittlere Gestationsalter betrug 30 (24 bis 36) Wochen, bei einem medianen Geburtsgewicht von 811,5 g (588 bis 2662 g). ERGEBNISSE: Die häufigsten Ursachen für das Nierenversagen waren Sepsis und ischämische Prozesse. Das therapeutische Management war konservativ mit Ausgleich des Elektrolyt- und Wasserhaushaltes, sowie Diuretika und Dopamin. Elf Neugeborene (69%) mit Nierenversagen verstarben im Multiorganversagen. Neugeborene mit eingeschränkter Harnausscheidung, höherem Score für Organversagen und niedrigerem Geburtsgewicht hatten ein höheres Risiko zu versterben. Neugeborene mit einem extrem niedrigem Geburtgewicht hatten einen höheren Score für Organversagen (p < 0,05). KONKLUSION: Oligurie/Anurie, Multiorganversagen und Unreife sind signifikante Risikofaktoren für Mortalität bei Frühgeborenen mit Nierenversagen. Es sind allerdings mehr Studien und/oder Datenerhebungen notwendig, um zu erkennen, ob diese Neugeborenen "mit" oder "am" Nierenversagen verstarben, und ob durch Dialyse in dieser speziellen Population eine Verbesserung der Prognose möglich ist.
Summary
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patient characteristics and risk factors for mortality in critically ill preterm infants with renal failure, with a special focus on infants with extremely low birth weight. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study with five year follow-up of all premature infants who were treated in the neonatal intensive care unit in 2002 and developed postnatal serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dl and/or urine output <1 ml/kg per h. SETTING: Tertiary Care University Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna PATIENTS: Sixteen of 359 premature infants (9 boys, 7 girls) fulfilled the inclusion criteria for renal failure. Their median gestational age was 30 weeks (range 24–36) with a median birth weight of 811.5 g (range 588–2662). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The most common causes of renal failure were sepsis and ischemic events. All infants were managed conservatively with corrections of fluids, electrolytes and acidosis, including medication with diuretics and dopamine. Eleven infants with renal failure (69%) died in multiorgan failure. Infants with low urine output, higher scores for failed organs or low birth weight were significantly more likely to die. Infants with very low birth weights had higher scores for failed organs (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Oliguria/anuria, multiorgan failure and immaturity were significant risk factors for mortality in preterm infants with renal failure. Further studies and/or more registry data are needed to determine whether these infants died with or from renal failure, and whether dialysis would improve outcome in this special population.
References
Hentschel R, Lodige B, Bulla M (1996) Renal insufficiency in the neonatal period. Clin Nephrol 46: 54–58
Brion LP, Satlin LM, Edelmann CM Jr (1994) Renal disease. In: Avery GB, Fletcher MA, MacDonald MG (eds) Neonatology: pathophysiology and management of the newborn. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 792–886
Stapleton FB, Jones DP, Green RS (1987) Acute renal failure in neonates: incidence, etiology and outcome. Pediatr Nephrol 1: 314–320
Drukker A, Guignard J-P (2002) Renal aspects of the term and preterm infant: a selective update. Curr Opin Pediatr 14: 175–182
Coulthard MG, Vernon B (1995) Managing acute renal failure in very low birthweight infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 73 (3): F187–F192
Vasarhelyi B, Toth-Heyn P, Treszl A, Tulassay T (2005) Genetic polymorphisms and risk for acute renal failure in preterm neonates. Pediatr Nephrol 20: 132–135
Coulthard MG, Sharp J (1995) Haemodialysis and ultra-filtration in babies weighing under 1000 g. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 73 (3): F162–F165
Gouyon JB, Guignard JP (2000) Management of acute renal failure in newborns. Pediatr Nephrol 14: 1037–1044
Chertow GM, Levy EM, Hammermeister KE, Grover F, Daley J (1998) Independent association between acute renal failure and mortality following cardiac surgery. Am J Med 104: 343–348
Cataldi L, Leone R, Moretti U, De Mitri B, Fanos V, Ruggeri L, et al (2005) Potential risk factors for the development of acute renal failure in preterm newborn infants: a case-control study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 90: 514–519
Abitbol CL, Bauer CR, Montané B, Chandar J, Duara S, Zilleruelo G (2003) Long-term follow-up of extremely low birth weight infants with neonatal renal failure. Pediatr Nephrol 18: 887–893
Sizun J, Giroux JD, Rubio S, Guillois B, Alix D, De Parscau L (1993) Peritoneal dialysis in the very low-birth-weight neonate (less than 1000 g). Acta Paediatr 82: 488–489
Dilenge ME, Majnemer A, Shevell MI (2001) Long-term developmental outcome of asphyxiated term neonates. J Child Neurol 16 (11): 781–792
Moghal NE, Brocklebank JT, Meadow SR (1998) A review of acute renal failure in children: incidence, etiology and outcome. Clin Nephrol 49 (2): 91–95
Lowrie LH (2000) Renal replacement therapies in pediatric multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 14: 6–12
Proulx F, Gauthier M, Nadeau D, Lacroix J, Farrell C (1994) Timing and predictors of death in pediatric patients with multiple organ system failure. Crit Care Med 22: 1025–1031
Wilkinson J, Pollack M, Ruttiman U, Glass N, Yeh T (1986) Outcome of pediatric patients with multiple organ system failure. Crit Care Med 14: 271–274
Druml W (2004) Acute renal failure is not a cute renal failure! Intensive Care Med 30: 1886–1890
Levy EM, Viscoli CM, Horwitz RI (1996) The effect of acute renal failure on mortality. A cohort analysis. JAMA 275: 1489–1494
Loza R, Estremadoyro L, Loza C, Cieza J (2006) Factors associated with mortality in acute renal failure (ARF) in children. Pediatr Nephrol 21: 106–109
Rainey KE, Di Geronimo RJ, Pascual-Baralt J (2000) Successful long-term peritoneal dialysis in a very low birth weight infant with renal failure secondary to feto-fetal transfusion syndrome. Pediatrics 106 (4): 849–851
Weber C, Weninger M, Klebermass K, Reiter G, Wiesinger-Eidenberger G, Brandauer M, et al (2005) Mortality and morbidity in extremely preterm infants (22 to 26 weeks of gestation): Austria 1999–2001. Wien Klin Wochenschr 117 (21–22): 740–746
Berger TM (2005) Perinatologie – quo vadis? Wien Klin Wochenschr 117: 311–315
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Csaicsich, D., Russo-Schlaff, N., Messerschmidt, A. et al. Renal failure, comorbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Wien Klin Wochenschr 120, 153–157 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-008-0941-5
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-008-0941-5