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Renal failure, comorbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Mortalität und Nierenversagen bei Frühgeborenen

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Zusammenfassung

ZIEL: Erhebung von Patienten-charakteristika und Mortalitätsrisiko von intensivpflichtigen Frühgeborenen mit Nierenversagen mit besonderem Augenmerk auf Frühgeborene mit extrem niedrigem Geburtsgewicht. DESIGN: Retrospektive Studie mit Beschreibung des 5-Jahres-Outcome von Frühgeborenen, die im Jahre 2002 an der neonatalen Intensivstation betreut wurden, und die postnatal ein Serumkreatinin ≥1.5 mg/dl und/oder eine Harnausscheidung <1 ml/kg/h zeigten. SETTING: Tertiary Care Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, AKH, MUW Wien. PATIENTEN: 16 von 359 Frühgeborenen erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien (9 männliche, 7 weibliche). Das mittlere Gestationsalter betrug 30 (24 bis 36) Wochen, bei einem medianen Geburtsgewicht von 811,5 g (588 bis 2662 g). ERGEBNISSE: Die häufigsten Ursachen für das Nierenversagen waren Sepsis und ischämische Prozesse. Das therapeutische Management war konservativ mit Ausgleich des Elektrolyt- und Wasserhaushaltes, sowie Diuretika und Dopamin. Elf Neugeborene (69%) mit Nierenversagen verstarben im Multiorganversagen. Neugeborene mit eingeschränkter Harnausscheidung, höherem Score für Organversagen und niedrigerem Geburtsgewicht hatten ein höheres Risiko zu versterben. Neugeborene mit einem extrem niedrigem Geburtgewicht hatten einen höheren Score für Organversagen (p < 0,05). KONKLUSION: Oligurie/Anurie, Multiorganversagen und Unreife sind signifikante Risikofaktoren für Mortalität bei Frühgeborenen mit Nierenversagen. Es sind allerdings mehr Studien und/oder Datenerhebungen notwendig, um zu erkennen, ob diese Neugeborenen "mit" oder "am" Nierenversagen verstarben, und ob durch Dialyse in dieser speziellen Population eine Verbesserung der Prognose möglich ist.

Summary

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patient characteristics and risk factors for mortality in critically ill preterm infants with renal failure, with a special focus on infants with extremely low birth weight. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study with five year follow-up of all premature infants who were treated in the neonatal intensive care unit in 2002 and developed postnatal serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dl and/or urine output <1 ml/kg per h. SETTING: Tertiary Care University Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna PATIENTS: Sixteen of 359 premature infants (9 boys, 7 girls) fulfilled the inclusion criteria for renal failure. Their median gestational age was 30 weeks (range 24–36) with a median birth weight of 811.5 g (range 588–2662). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The most common causes of renal failure were sepsis and ischemic events. All infants were managed conservatively with corrections of fluids, electrolytes and acidosis, including medication with diuretics and dopamine. Eleven infants with renal failure (69%) died in multiorgan failure. Infants with low urine output, higher scores for failed organs or low birth weight were significantly more likely to die. Infants with very low birth weights had higher scores for failed organs (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Oliguria/anuria, multiorgan failure and immaturity were significant risk factors for mortality in preterm infants with renal failure. Further studies and/or more registry data are needed to determine whether these infants died with or from renal failure, and whether dialysis would improve outcome in this special population.

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Correspondence to Christoph Aufricht.

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Csaicsich, D., Russo-Schlaff, N., Messerschmidt, A. et al. Renal failure, comorbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Wien Klin Wochenschr 120, 153–157 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-008-0941-5

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