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Throughfall under a teak plantation in Thailand: a multifactorial analysis on the effects of canopy phenology and meteorological conditions

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Abstract

Valuable teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) plantations cover vast areas throughout Southeast Asia. This study sought to increase our understanding of throughfall inputs under teak by analyzing the abiotic and biotic factors governing throughfall amounts and ratios in relation to three canopy phenophases (leafless, leafing, and leafed). There was no rain during the brief leaf senescence phenophase in our study. Leveraging detailed field observations, we employed boosted regression tree (BRT) analysis to identify the primary controls on throughfall amount and ratio during each canopy phenophase. Whereas throughfall amounts were always dominated by rainfall magnitude (as expected), throughfall ratios were governed by a suite of predictor variables during each phenophase. The BRT analysis demonstrated that throughfall ratio in the leafless phase was most influenced (in descending order of importance) by air temperature, rainfall amount, maximum wind speed, and rainfall intensity. Throughfall ratio in the leafed phenophase was dominated by rainfall amount. The leafing phenophase was an intermediate case where rainfall amount, air temperature, and vapor pressure deficit were most important. Our results highlight the fact that throughfall ratios are differentially influenced by a suite of meteorological variables during each canopy phenophase. Abiotic variables, such as rainfall amount and air temperature, trumped leaf area index and stand density in their effect on throughfall ratio. The leafing phenophase, while transitional in nature and short in duration, has a detectable and unique impact on water inputs to teak plantations. Further work is needed to better understand the biogeochemistry of leaf emergence in teak plantations.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) program of the Japan Science and Technology (JST) Agency, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan through a project titled “Program for risk information on climate change”, and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (#23405028, #24405031, #23780161, #24310018, #22780139). We are grateful to Mika Kawamoto for setting up throughfall plot A of this study and also to graduate students from Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, for their assistance in the field. We would like to thank Suwan Pakrat and Srinuan Tunjai for their daily measurements of rainfall and throughfall. David Legates is kindly acknowledged for his input regarding spatial statistics. Finally, we also would like to acknowledge Forestry Industrial Organization (FIO) in Thailand for kind consideration of our research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ecohydrology Research Institute, The University of Tokyo Forests, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Seto, Aichi, 489-0031, Japan

    Nobuaki Tanaka

  2. Departments of Geography & Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA

    Delphis Levia

  3. Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-0801, Japan

    Delphis Levia, Yasunori Igarashi & Tomo’omi Kumagai

  4. Department of Meteorological Environment, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan

    Kazuki Nanko

  5. Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan

    Natsuko Yoshifuji

  6. Department of Environmental Geochemical Cycle Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0001, Japan

    Katsunori Tanaka

  7. Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand

    Chatchai Tantasirin

  8. Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0023, Japan

    Masakazu Suzuki

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  1. Nobuaki Tanaka
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  2. Delphis Levia
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  3. Yasunori Igarashi
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Correspondence to Nobuaki Tanaka.

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Tanaka, N., Levia, D., Igarashi, Y. et al. Throughfall under a teak plantation in Thailand: a multifactorial analysis on the effects of canopy phenology and meteorological conditions. Int J Biometeorol 59, 1145–1156 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-014-0926-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-014-0926-1

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