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In situ cosmogenic 3He and 36Cl and radiocarbon dating of volcanic deposits refine the Pleistocene and Holocene eruption chronology of SW Peru

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Abstract

Constraining the age of young lavas, which generally fall outside the effective range of traditional geochronology methods, remains a key challenge in volcanology, limiting the development of high-resolution eruption chronologies. We present an in situ cosmogenic 3He and 36Cl surface-exposure chronology, alongside new minimum-limiting 14C ages, documenting young eruptions at five sites in the Western Cordillera, southern Peru. Four 3He-dated lavas on the Nevado Coropuna volcanic complex (hitherto thought to be dormant) indicate that the central dome cluster is young and potentially active; two Holocene lavas on the easternmost dome are the youngest directly dated lavas in Peru to date. East of Coropuna, lava domes and block-lava flows represent the most extensive output to date of Nevado Sabancaya, one of Peru’s most active volcanoes. Two 3He measurements confirm the Holocene age of these deposits and expand the chronology for one of the youngest major lava fields in Peru. 36Cl surface-exposure ages from the Purupurini dome cluster and Nevado Casiri document middle-late-Holocene episodes of effusive activity, while basal 14C ages from a lava-dammed wetland constrain an effusive eruption at Mina Arcata, north of Coropuna, to the late-glacial period. These new data advance the recent Western Cordillera volcanic record whilst demonstrating both the considerable potential and fundamental limitations of cosmogenic surface-exposure methods for such applications.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Claire Todd and Matthew Hegland (Pacific Lutheran University), Rigoberto Aguilar (OVI Ingemmet, Arequipa), and Peter Strand (UMaine) for field and sampling assistance. We also thank Mark Kurz and Josh Curtice, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, for input during sample preparation and helium measurement. Pierre Boivin, Claire Fonquernie, Mhammed Benbakkar, and Jean-Luc Davidal provided analytical laboratory assistance. G. Bromley acknowledges support from NSF grant EAR-10-03427 and the Churchill Exploration Foundation (UMaine). The ASTER AMS national facility (CEREGE, Aix en Provence) is supported by the INSU/CNRS, the ANR through the ‘Projets thématiques d’excellence’ programme for the ‘Equipements d’excellence’ ASTER-CEREGE action and IRD. Finally, we extend our thanks to Jorge Vasquez, an anonymous reviewer, Associate Editor Hannah Dietterich and Editor Jacopo Taddeucci for their thoughtful and constructive comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. CLERVOLC and I-SITE contribution 356. Consortium: Georges Aumaître, Didier Bourlès, Karim Keddadouche

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Geography, Archaeology and Irish Studies, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland

    Gordon R. M. Bromley

  2. Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA

    Gordon R. M. Bromley

  3. Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans UMR 6524 CNRS and IRD R163, OPGC, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, 6 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60026-CS 60026, 63178, Aubière Cedex, France

    Jean-Claude Thouret

  4. CNRS, INRA, IRD, Coll de France, CEREGE, Aix-Marseille Université, Aix en Provence, France

    Irene Schimmelpfennig & ASTER Team

  5. Observatorio Vulcanológico del INGEMMET, OVI Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico, Arequipa, Peru

    Jersy Mariño & David Valdivia

  6. Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA

    Kurt Rademaker

  7. Instituto Geofisico del Peru, Lima, Peru

    Socorro del Pilar Vivanco Lopez

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  1. Gordon R. M. Bromley
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Correspondence to Gordon R. M. Bromley.

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Bromley, G.R.M., Thouret, JC., Schimmelpfennig, I. et al. In situ cosmogenic 3He and 36Cl and radiocarbon dating of volcanic deposits refine the Pleistocene and Holocene eruption chronology of SW Peru. Bull Volcanol 81, 64 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-019-1325-6

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