Abstract
The general assumption that the survival patterns of tropical and southern temperate birds are similar lacks empirical data from higher latitudes. Regional comparisons of New World species are rare, and this assumption has been based on data from African studies. Here, we estimate the survival rates of 88 tropical and southern temperate bird populations (69 species) from eight localities in South America to evaluate the hypothesis that the survival of these populations is homogeneous at the regional scale. We estimated survival based on the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model and compared values from different environments. The survival estimates ranged from 0.30 to 0.80 (0.56 ± 0.12). Apparent survival did not differ significantly between low-latitude tropical environments (03°S) and the other sites from high-latitudes (between 22° and 34°S). Despite a predicted positive trend, body size was not significantly related to survival among passerines. On the other hand, phylogenetic relationships explained more than a third of the variation in bird survival. Based on the largest available database on South American bird species, our findings support the hypothesis that bird survival is homogeneous, at the regional scale, along the southern hemisphere. In particular, we reinforce the hypothesis that climatic variation has a limited influence on bird survival in the southern hemisphere.
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The dataset supporting the results has been deposited as electronic supplementary material.
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Funding
The Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, CNPq (PQ process number 306.579/2018–9), and the Carlos Chagas Filho Rio de Janeiro State Research Foundation, FAPERJ (CNE process number E-26/202.835/2018), Argentine National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, CONICET (PIP-6411), provided financial support.
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LFF: conceptualization, formal analysis, writing—original draft; CCOS, RID, DCP and MASA: formal analysis, writing—review and editing; other authors conducted fieldwork and provided editorial advice.
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Communicated by Mathew Samuel Crowther.
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Appendix 1
Appendix 1
Apparent annual survival (Φ), credible interval of survival (CI), and the probability of recapture (p) in 88 populations and 69 bird species from eight localities in South America between the latitudes of 3°S and 34°S. Estimates are derived from a field mark-recapture database.
Locality/Family | Species (synonym) | Mark/recapture | Mass (g) | Survival (Φ) | Recapture (p) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate | - CI | + CI | |||||
Low-latitude tropical environment (HLLE) | |||||||
Terra firme forest | |||||||
Passerellidae | Arremon taciturnus | 449/174 | 25.5 | 0.713 | 0.577 | 0.861 | 0.199 |
Furnariidae | Automolus paraensesa | 114/23 | 35.7 | 0.519 | 0.292 | 0.877 | 0.142 |
Troglodytidae | Cantorchilus leucotis (Thryothorus leucotis) | 68/10 | 18.3 | 0.622 | 0.330 | 0.967 | 0.149 |
Thamnophilidae | Cercomacroides nigrescens (Cercomacra nigrescens) | 155/20 | 18.5 | 0.584 | 0.337 | 0.921 | 0.072 |
Cardinalidae | Cyanoloxia rothschildii (Cyanocompsa cyanoides) | 145/26 | 24.9 | 0.714 | 0.512 | 0.953 | 0.165 |
Furnariidae | Dendrocincla fuliginosa | 190/42 | 40.7 | 0.682 | 0.493 | 0.947 | 0.106 |
Furnariidae | Dendrocincla merula | 167/50 | 39.9 | 0.704 | 0.495 | 0.946 | 0.131 |
Furnariidae | Dendroplex picus | 82/17 | 37.7 | 0.501 | 0.239 | 0.844 | 0.243 |
Formicariidae | Formicarius analis | 62/10 | 54.6 | 0.563 | 0.282 | 0.965 | 0.109 |
Formicariidae | Formicarius colma | 76/18 | 42.6 | 0.696 | 0.452 | 0.963 | 0.189 |
Thamnophilidae | Formicivora grisea | 47/15 | 11.6 | 0.563 | 0.290 | 0.918 | 0.186 |
Parulidae | Geothlypis aequinoctialis | 110/19 | 13.8 | 0.296 | 0.115 | 0.616 | 0.260 |
Furnariidae | Glyphorynchus spirurus | 555/226 | 16.1 | 0.572 | 0.480 | 0.674 | 0.266 |
Thamnophilidae | Hypocnemis striata | 129/25 | 12.6 | 0.430 | 0.253 | 0.689 | 0.275 |
Thamnophilidae | Hylophylax naevius | 57/14 | 12.4 | 0.388 | 0.156 | 0.718 | 0.288 |
Thamnophilidae | Isleria hauxwelli (Myrmotherula hauxwelli) | 158/59 | 11.3 | 0.491 | 0.336 | 0.679 | 0.287 |
Troglodytidae | Microcerculus marginatus | 58/16 | 18.5 | 0.521 | 0.264 | 0.934 | 0.200 |
Tyrannidae | Mionectes oleagineus | 519/68 | 10.3 | 0.563 | 0.391 | 0.756 | 0.080 |
Onychorhynchidae | Myiobius barbatus | 82/27 | 12.0 | 0.712 | 0.494 | 0.975 | 0.162 |
Thamnophilidae | Myrmelastes rufifacies (Schistocichla rufifacies) | 59/11 | 25.1 | 0.470 | 0.198 | 0.902 | 0.148 |
Thamnophilidae | Myrmoborus leucophrys | 147/42 | 20.9 | 0.518 | 0.317 | 0.805 | 0.200 |
Thamnophilidae | Myrmoborus myotherinus | 141/21 | 17.5 | 0.469 | 0.254 | 0.772 | 0.150 |
Thamnophilidae | Myrmotherula axillaris | 218/38 | 8.8 | 0.560 | 0.359 | 0.823 | 0.091 |
Onychorhynchidae | Onychorhynchus coronatus | 145/52 | 15.1 | 0.781 | 0.600 | 0.965 | 0.182 |
Troglodytidae | Pheugopedius coraya (Thryothorus coraya) | 123/23 | 20.7 | 0.416 | 0.208 | 0.746 | 0.112 |
Thamnophilidae | Phlegopsis nigromaculata | 569/99 | 44.7 | 0.741 | 0.580 | 0.912 | 0.087 |
Pipridae | Pipra fasciicauda | 1116/375 | 15.3 | 0.803 | 0.715 | 0.912 | 0.164 |
Tyrannidae | Platyrinchus coronatus | 25/10 | 9.8 | 0.431 | 0.179 | 0.838 | 0.324 |
Thamnophilidae | Pyriglena leuconota | 391/76 | 33.2 | 0.680 | 0.507 | 0.912 | 0.139 |
Thraupidae | Ramphocelus carbo | 401/41 | 23.9 | 0.639 | 0.457 | 0.882 | 0.090 |
Thamnophilidae | Rhegmatorhina gymnops | 103/18 | 27.7 | 0.492 | 0.261 | 0.825 | 0.161 |
Tityridae | Schiffornis turdina | 41/13 | 28.5 | 0.608 | 0.345 | 0.920 | 0.193 |
Furnariidae | Sclerurus caudacutus | 42/10 | 35.9 | 0.585 | 0.356 | 0.857 | 0.500 |
Thamnophilidae | Thamnomanes caesius | 259/46 | 17.3 | 0.563 | 0.355 | 0.855 | 0.096 |
Turdidae | Turdus albicollis | 144/36 | 48.6 | 0.770 | 0.570 | 0.992 | 0.169 |
Thamnophilidae | Willisornis vidua (Willisornis poecilinotus) | 158/42 | 17.5 | 0.595 | 0.384 | 0.903 | 0.156 |
Furnariidae | Xenops minutus | 156/52 | 11.2 | 0.630 | 0.453 | 0.849 | 0.253 |
Furnariidae | Xiphorhynchus obsoletus | 58/15 | 30.7 | 0.484 | 0.236 | 0.871 | 0.250 |
Furnariidae | Xiphorhynchus spixii | 67/17 | 33.8 | 0.659 | 0.422 | 0.960 | 0.122 |
High-latitude tropical environment (HLTE) | |||||||
Dense ombrophilous forest—site 1 | |||||||
Pipridae | Dixiphia pipra (Pseudopipra pipra) | 113/44 | 13.3 | 0.795 | 0.658 | 0.920 | 0.147 |
Tyrannidae | Mionectes oleagineus | 68/23 | 12.3 | 0.555 | 0.387 | 0.760 | 0.132 |
Dense ombrophilous forest—site 2 | |||||||
Pipridae | Chiroxiphia caudata | 107/58 | 25.1 | 0.509 | 0.371 | 0.661 | 0.155 |
Conopophagidae | Conopophaga melanops | 97/59 | 21.1 | 0.605 | 0.466 | 0.769 | 0.137 |
Furnariidae | Dendrocincla turdina | 43/34 | 34.8 | 0.785 | 0.619 | 0.959 | 0.193 |
Furnariidae | Philydor atricapillus | 47/29 | 20.3 | 0.357 | 0.191 | 0.571 | 0.208 |
Furnariidae | Sclerurus scansor | 59/33 | 36.0 | 0.549 | 0.380 | 0.750 | 0.147 |
Trochilidae | Thalurania glaucopisb | 86/37 | 4.8 | 0.386 | 0.233 | 0.581 | 0.138 |
Thraupidae | Trichothraupis melanops | 139/46 | 24.7 | 0.635 | 0.487 | 0.810 | 0.083 |
Furnariidae | Xiphorhynchus fuscus | 64/88 | 21.1 | 0.528 | 0.390 | 0.691 | 0.348 |
Dense ombrophilous forest—site 3 | |||||||
Conopophagidae | Conopophaga melanops | 80/35 | 19.7 | 0.727 | 0.523 | 0.961 | 0.187 |
Furnariidae | Dendrocincla turdina | 89/47 | 38.5 | 0.646 | 0.481 | 0.821 | 0.185 |
Pipridae | Chiroxiphia caudata | 95/29 | 24.6 | 0.800 | 0.619 | 0.976 | 0.128 |
Cardinalidae | Habia rubica | 58/30 | 35.2 | 0.359 | 0.206 | 0.569 | 0.279 |
Onychorhynchidae | Myiobius barbatus | 47/25 | 11.7 | 0.620 | 0.405 | 0.875 | 0.452 |
Furnariidae | Philydor atricapillus | 58/22 | 22.4 | 0.304 | 0.140 | 0.545 | 0.334 |
Tyrannidae | Platyrinchus mystaceus | 50/37 | 9.4 | 0.539 | 0.347 | 0.763 | 0.337 |
Thamnophilidae | Pyriglena leucoptera | 77/11 | 29.9 | 0.457 | 0.214 | 0.848 | 0.145 |
Thamnophilidae | Rhopias gularis (Myrmotherula gularis) | 34/21 | 11.2 | 0.322 | 0.147 | 0.589 | 0.389 |
Tityridae | Schiffornis virescens | 31/25 | 28.0 | 0.632 | 0.396 | 0.919 | 0.253 |
Trochilidae | Thalurania glaucopisb | 76/25 | 4.7 | 0.515 | 0.304 | 0.832 | 0.238 |
Thraupidae | Trichothraupis melanops | 84/14 | 23.9 | 0.445 | 0.224 | 0.795 | 0.174 |
Turdidae | Turdus albicollis | 82/13 | 66.9 | 0.434 | 0.188 | 0.798 | 0.135 |
Furnariidae | Xiphorhynchus fuscus | 60/40 | 20.3 | 0.530 | 0.345 | 0.729 | 0.312 |
Humid subtropical environment | |||||||
Mixed montane ombrophilous forest (MMOF) | |||||||
Pipridae | Chiroxiphia caudata | 234/37 | 24.7 | 0.574 | 0.457 | 0.694 | 0.230 |
Parulidae | Myiothlypis leucoblephara (Basileuterus leucoblepharus) | 395/84 | 15.2 | 0.550 | 0.458 | 0.641 | 0.285 |
Tyrannidae | Platyrinchus mystaceus | 183/44 | 9.1 | 0.630 | 0.524 | 0.740 | 0.181 |
Thraupidae | Thlypopsis pyrrhocoma (Pyrrhocoma ruficeps) | 439/63 | 15.4 | 0.448 | 0.337 | 0.540 | 0.248 |
Furnariidae | Sittasomus griseicapillus | 178/32 | 12.6 | 0.569 | 0.437 | 0.698 | 0.269 |
Furnariidae | Syndactyla rufosuperciliata | 80/20 | 24.0 | 0.666 | 0.532 | 0.806 | 0.264 |
Thraupidae | Trichothraupis melanops | 189/22 | 21.2 | 0.448 | 0.283 | 0.592 | 0.307 |
Turdidae | Turdus albicollis | 335/31 | 58.7 | 0.624 | 0.503 | 0.737 | 0.099 |
Passerellidae | Zonotrichia capensis | 323/36 | 21.3 | 0.407 | 0.274 | 0.546 | 0.236 |
Furnariidae | Synallaxis cinerascens | 158/19 | 12.5 | 0.426 | 0.256 | 0.602 | 0.143 |
Restinga forest (RF) | |||||||
Tyrannidae | Elaenia obscura | 80/28 | 25.8 | 0.660 | 0.434 | 0.947 | 0.201 |
Parulidae | Geothlypis aequinoctialis | 162/42 | 11.5 | 0.368 | 0.217 | 0.548 | 0.456 |
Passerellidae | Zonotrichia capensis | 51/18 | 20.9 | 0.639 | 0.376 | 0.962 | 0.223 |
Riparian floodplain forest (RFF) | |||||||
Parulidae | Myiothlypis leucoblephara (Basileuterus leucoblepharus) | 31/09 | 16.4 | 0.593 | 0.317 | 0.974 | 0.116 |
Parulidae | Geothlypis aequinoctialis | 118/23 | 11.6 | 0.470 | 0.261 | 0.824 | 0.102 |
Turdidae | Turdus rufiventris | 117/30 | 73.1 | 0.558 | 0.332 | 0.869 | 0.098 |
Dry temperate environment | |||||||
Open woodland | |||||||
Furnariidae | Asthenes baeri | 101/43 | 15.8 | 0.420 | 0.272 | 0.615 | 0.271 |
Furnariidae | Cranioleuca pyrrhophia | 27/19 | 11.4 | 0.607 | 0.385 | 0.875 | 0.259 |
Furnariidae | Leptasthenura platensis | 41/18 | 9.1 | 0.695 | 0.477 | 0.948 | 0.164 |
Picidae | Melanerpes cactorum b | 34/22 | 34.9 | 0.341 | 0.160 | 0.626 | 0.341 |
Thraupidae | Microspingus torquatus (Poospiza torquata) | 334/44 | 12.7 | 0.644 | 0.466 | 0.886 | 0.121 |
Furnariidae | Pseudoseisura lophotes | 23/11 | 70.6 | 0.469 | 0.222 | 0.918 | 0.215 |
Thraupidae | Saltatricula multicolor | 165/73 | 22.1 | 0.545 | 0.396 | 0.723 | 0.353 |
Tyrannidae | Stigmatura budytoides | 127/78 | 10.6 | 0.495 | 0.372 | 0.642 | 0.293 |
Passerellidae | Zonotrichia capensis | 608/61 | 21.1 | 0.631 | 0.479 | 0.802 | 0.138 |
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França, L.F., de Oliveira e Silva, C.C., de Pinho, J.B. et al. Similar regional-scale survival of tropical and southern temperate birds from the New World. Oecologia 202, 239–250 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-023-05381-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-023-05381-2