Abstract
The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical feedback loops that consist of distinct white matter pathways are important for understanding in vivo imaging studies of functional and anatomical connectivity, and for localizing subthalamic white matter structures in surgical approaches for movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease. Connectomic analysis in animals has identified fiber connections between the basal ganglia and thalamus, which pass through the fields of Forel, where other fiber pathways related to motor, sensory, and cognitive functions co-exist. We now report these pathways in the human brain on ex vivo mesoscopic (250 μm) diffusion tensor imaging and on tractography. The locations of the tracts were identified relative to the adjacent gray matter structures, such as the internal and external segments of the globus pallidus; the zona incerta; the subthalamic nucleus; the substantia nigra pars reticulata and compacta; and the thalamus. The connectome atlas of the human subthalamic region may serve as a resource for imaging studies and for neurosurgical planning.
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Abbreviations
- al:
-
Ansa lenticularis
- CM:
-
Centromedian nucleus
- FA:
-
Fractional anisotropy
- fct:
-
Cerebellothalamic tract
- fl:
-
Lenticular fasciculus
- frf:
-
Fasciculus retroflexus
- GPe:
-
External segment of the globus pallidus
- GPi:
-
Internal segment of the globus pallidus
- LG:
-
Lateral geniculate body
- MB:
-
Mammillary body
- MD:
-
Mean diffusivity
- MG:
-
Medial geniculate body
- ml:
-
Medial lemniscus
- mtt:
-
Mammillothalamic tract
- Pf:
-
Parafascicular nucleus
- Pla:
-
Pulvinar anterior nucleus
- PSA:
-
Posterior subthalamic area
- Put:
-
Putamen
- pyt:
-
Pyramidal tract
- RN:
-
Red nucleus
- SN:
-
Substantia nigra
- SNc:
-
Substantia nigra pars compacta
- SNr:
-
Substantia nigra pars reticulata
- stf:
-
Subthalamic fasciculus
- STN:
-
Subthalamic nucleus
- stt:
-
Spinothalamic tract
- tl:
-
Trigeminal lemniscus
- VA:
-
Ventral anterior nucleus
- VAmc:
-
Magnocellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus
- VApc:
-
Parvocellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus
- VLa:
-
Ventral lateral anterior nucleus
- VLp:
-
Ventral lateral posterior nucleus
- VM:
-
Ventral medial nucleus
- VMb:
-
Basal ventral medial nucleus
- VPI:
-
Ventral posterior inferior nucleus
- VPL:
-
Ventral posterolateral nucleus
- VPM:
-
Ventral posteromedial nucleus
- ZI:
-
Zona incerta
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Acknowledgements
We thank Mr. Zhipeng Hou, who prepared and scanned the tissue block, and Ms. Mary McAllister and Dr. Yvonne Lenz for their help with manuscript editing.
Funding
Some of the results presented here were the result of studies funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health–National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke R56 NS038493, RO1 NS096007-01, and R01NS109298-01 to FAL, R01NS086888 to SM, and National Institute on Aging P50AG05146 to JCT. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the NIH.
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SM is co-founder and CEO, and KO is a consultant for “AnatomyWorks.” This arrangement is being managed by the Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict-of-interest policies.
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This study was performed under protocol IRB00101384 for retrospective use of de-identified tissues for research purposes, approved by the Institutional Review Board of the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University.
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Oishi, K., Mori, S., Troncoso, J.C. et al. Mapping tracts in the human subthalamic area by 11.7T ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging. Brain Struct Funct 225, 1293–1312 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-020-02066-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-020-02066-x