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Noncoding RNAs in smooth muscle cell homeostasis: implications in phenotypic switch and vascular disorders

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Abstract

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) are a highly specialized cell type that exhibit extraordinary plasticity in adult animals in response to a number of environmental cues. Upon vascular injury, SMC undergo phenotypic switch from a contractile-differentiated to a proliferative/migratory-dedifferentiated phenotype. This process plays a major role in vascular lesion formation and during the development of vascular remodeling. Vascular remodeling comprises the accumulation of dedifferentiated SMC in the intima of arteries and is central to a number of vascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or pulmonary hypertension. Therefore, it is critical to understand the molecular mechanisms that govern SMC phenotype. In the last decade, a number of new classes of noncoding RNAs have been described. These molecules have emerged as key factors controlling tissue homeostasis during physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we will discuss the role of noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, in the regulation of SMC plasticity.

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Abbreviations

SMC:

smooth muscle cells

EC:

endothelial cells

ncRNAs:

noncoding RNAs

miRNAs:

microRNAs

lncRNAs:

long noncoding RNAs

SRF:

serum response factor

SRE:

serum response element

MYCD:

myocardin

MRTF:

myocardin-related transcription factor

TGFβ:

transforming growth factor β

PDGF:

platelet-derived growth factor

SBE:

Smad-binding elements

bHLH:

basic helix-loop-helix

KLF:

Krüppel-like zinc finger

NAT:

natural antisense ncRNA

ceRNA:

competing endogenous RNAs

SENCR:

smooth muscle and endothelial cell enriched migration/differentiation-associated

SNP:

single nucleotide polymorphism

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Acknowledgments

This study is supported by grants SEPAR-2009, PRH-2012-0003. BCT is a recipient of a pre-doctoral contract from CONICET. MVP is a recipient of a postdoctoral contract from CONICET.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pulmonary Medicine Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    N. Coll-Bonfill

  2. Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Friuli 2434, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina

    B. de la Cruz-Thea, M. V. Pisano & M. M. Musri

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  1. N. Coll-Bonfill
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  2. B. de la Cruz-Thea
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  3. M. V. Pisano
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Correspondence to M. M. Musri.

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This article is published as part of the Special Issue on S.I. Micro RNA.

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Coll-Bonfill, N., de la Cruz-Thea, B., Pisano, M.V. et al. Noncoding RNAs in smooth muscle cell homeostasis: implications in phenotypic switch and vascular disorders. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol 468, 1071–1087 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-016-1821-x

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