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Visual outcomes and associated factors of primary congenital glaucoma in children

  • Pediatrics
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose

We evaluated the long-term visual outcomes in children with primary congenital glaucoma and determined the factors associated with the final visual outcomes.

Methods

Medical records of children with primary congenital glaucoma between 2005 and 2016, seen at Seoul National University Children’s Hospital in South Korea, were reviewed. The minimum follow-up period after surgery for primary congenital glaucoma was 3 years. Visual acuity (VA) was categorized into good (≧20/70) and poor (< 20/70). Factors including age, VA, refractive errors, intraocular pressure (IOP), laterality, and cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio were compared between the groups.

Results

A total of 71 eyes of 44 patients were included. The patients’ age at the time of surgery was 14.7 ± 12.2 months. The mean IOP was 28.3 ± 7.0 mmHg. During 6.7 ± 2.7 years of mean follow-up after surgery, 39 eyes (54.9%) needed occlusion treatment. After occlusion, patients with lower IOP values, lesser additional surgeries, reversal of optic disc cupping, and better initially measured VA achieved a better visual outcome. At the final assessment, the mean age was 7.8 ± 2.6 years, and the mean VA gain was 15.0 ± 19.4 letters. There were 44 eyes (62.0%) with VA ≧20/70.

Conclusions

In children with primary congenital glaucoma, IOP control and the optic disc configuration over time are important factors associated with visual outcome. Regular follow-up and correction of refractive errors—along with occlusion for those with difference in VA between the two eyes—might be helpful for achieving better visual outcomes.

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Funding

This work was supported by Fund of Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital. The sponsor or funding organization had no role in the design or conduct of this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

    Haeng-Jin Lee

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Jeonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

    Haeng-Jin Lee

  3. Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

    Haeng-Jin Lee

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Young Kook Kim, Jin Wook Jeoung, Ki Ho Park & Seong-Joon Kim

  5. Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Young Kook Kim, Jin Wook Jeoung, Ki Ho Park & Seong-Joon Kim

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  1. Haeng-Jin Lee
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Correspondence to Seong-Joon Kim.

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Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

For this type of study, formal consent is not required. The Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University Hospital in South Korea granted a waiver of consent for this retrospective chart review study.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Lee, HJ., Kim, Y.K., Jeoung, J.W. et al. Visual outcomes and associated factors of primary congenital glaucoma in children. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 259, 3445–3451 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-021-05232-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-021-05232-x

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