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Rare earth element evolution and migration in plagiogranites: a record preserved in epidote and allanite of the Troodos ophiolite

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Abstract

Plagiogranites from the Troodos ophiolite in Cyprus are occasionally epidotised, either partially or completely. Epidotisation phenomena include replacement of pre-existing minerals and filling of miarolitic cavities. In addition to epidote, miarolites in one plagiogranite body (located near the village of Spilia) contain coexisting ferriallanite-(Ce) and allanite-(Y). Textural and geochemical evidence indicates that late-stage REE-enriched granitic melt facilitated crystallisation of magmatic ferriallanite-(Ce). High REE contents persisted after fluid exsolution, causing crystallisation of allanite-(Y) from hydrothermal fluids in the miarolites. The REE pattern of the hydrothermal allanite-(Y) is characterised by LREE and Eu depletion, similar to the parent plagiogranitic magma. As allanite had sequestered most of the REE in the fluid, epidote took over as the principle hydrothermal mineral. Epidote in Troodos plagiogranites records a fluid evolutionary trend beginning with REE-rich–Eu-depleted similar to allanite-(Y) and gradually transforming into the REE-depleted–Eu-enriched pattern prevalent throughout ‘conventional’ sub-seafloor fluids. A comparison of allanite-bearing and allanite-absent plagiogranites from the same locality suggests that REE-bearing fluids migrated from the plagiogranites. Similar fluid evolution trends observed in diabase-hosted epidote, located adjacent to a large plagiogranite body, suggest influx of plagiogranite-derived REE-bearing fluids. Epidotisation in oceanic settings is usually considered to be the result of alteration by high fluxes of seawater-derived hydrothermal fluids. Although epidotisation by magmatic fluids has been suggested to occur in plagiogranites, our study shows that this autometasomatic process is the dominant mechanism by which epidosites form in plagiogranites. Furthermore, epidotisation of diabase has been attributed solely to seawater-derived fluids, but we show that it is possible for diabase-hosted epidosites to form by migration of plagiogranite-derived fluids.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by ISF research grant 1044/09 to Yaron Katzir. Niels Jöns and Wolfgang Bach acknowledge support from the DFG-Research Centre/Excellence Cluster ‘The ocean in the Earth system’. Andreas Klügel generously assisted during the LA-ICP-MS analytical sessions. We thank Chao Zhang and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments, and Hugh Rollinson for his review of an earlier version of the article.

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Author notes

  1. Michael Anenburg

    Present address: Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia

  2. Niels Jöns

    Present address: Department of Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geological and Environmental Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, 84105, Israel

    Michael Anenburg & Yaron Katzir

  2. Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam, 14473, Germany

    Dieter Rhede

  3. Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Bremen, 28359, Germany

    Niels Jöns & Wolfgang Bach

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  5. Wolfgang Bach
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Correspondence to Michael Anenburg.

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Communicated by Timothy L. Grove.

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Anenburg, M., Katzir, Y., Rhede, D. et al. Rare earth element evolution and migration in plagiogranites: a record preserved in epidote and allanite of the Troodos ophiolite. Contrib Mineral Petrol 169, 25 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-015-1114-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-015-1114-y

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