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Validity and reliability of the Group for Learning Useful and Performant Swallowing (GLUPS) tool

  • Laryngology
  • Published:
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction

To validate the Group for Learning Useful and Performant Swallowing (GLUPS), a clinical tool dedicated to videofluoroscopy swallowing study (VFSS).

Methods

Forty-five individuals were recruited from January 2022 to March 2023 from the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of University Hospital Saint-Pierre (Brussels, Belgium). Subjects underwent VFSS, which was rated with GLUPS tool by two blinded otolaryngologists and one speech-therapist. VFSS were rated twice with GLUPS within a 7-day period to assess test–retest reliability.

Results

Twenty-four patients and twenty-one controls completed the evaluations. The internal consistency (α = 0.745) and the test–retest reliability (rs = 0.941; p = 0.001) were adequate. GLUPS reported a high external validity regarding the significant correlation with the Penetration–Aspiration Scale (rs = 0.551; p = 0.001). Internal validity was adequate, because GLUPS score was significant higher in patients compared to controls (6.21 ± 4.42 versus 2.09 ± 2.00; p = 0.001). Interrater reliability did not report significant differences in the GLUPS sub- and total score among the independent judges. The mean GLUPS score of individuals without any evidence of VFSS abnormalities was 2.09/23 (95% CI  1.23–2.95), which supported that a GLUPS score ≥ 3.0 is suggestive of pathological VFSS.

Conclusions

GLUPS is a clinical instrument documenting the abnormal findings of oral and pharyngeal phases at the VFSS. GLUPS demonstrated high reliability and excellent criterion-based validity. GLUPS may be used in clinical practice for the swallowing evaluation at the VFSS.

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Data availability

Data are available on request,

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Funding

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Author notes

  1. Jerome R. Lechien and Auriane Blouin have similarly contributed to the publication and have to be joined as co-first author.

  2. Jan Vanderwegen and Didier Dequanter have to be joined as co-senior author.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Laryngology and Bronchoesophagology, Condorcet School of Speech Therapy, EpiCURA Hospital, Saint-Ghislain, Belgium

    Jerome R. Lechien, Auriane Blouin & Laura Bousard

  2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium

    Jerome R. Lechien, Alexandra Rodriguez, Marie Verhasselt, Gaetan Cavelier & Didier Dequanter

  3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Foch Hospital, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France

    Jerome R. Lechien, Robin Baudouin, Grégoire Vialatte de Pemille, Marta P. Circiu, Lise Crevier-Buchman & Stephane Hans

  4. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Elsan Polyclinic of Poitiers, Poitiers, France

    Jerome R. Lechien

  5. Department of Speech, Language and Audiology, Thomas More University College of Applied Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium

    Jan Vanderwegen

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  1. Jerome R. Lechien
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Contributions

JRL: design, acquisition of data, data analysis and interpretation, drafting, final approval, and accountability for the work; final approval of the version to be published; agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. AB: design, acquisition of data, data analysis and interpretation, drafting, final approval, and accountability for the work; final approval of the version to be published; agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. DD: design, acquisition of data, data analysis and interpretation, drafting, final approval, and accountability for the work; final approval of the version to be published; agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. JV: design, acquisition of data, data analysis and interpretation, agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. SH: design, acquisition of data, data analysis and interpretation, agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. LB: data analysis and interpretation, agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. GVP: data analysis and interpretation, agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. MV: data analysis and interpretation, agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. GC: data analysis and interpretation, agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. RB: data analysis and interpretation, drafting, final approval, and accountability for the work; final approval of the version to be published; agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. AR: data analysis and interpretation, drafting, final approval, and accountability for the work; final approval of the version to be published; agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. MC: development of GLUPS, final approval, and accountability for the work; final approval of the version to be published; agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. LCB: development of GLUPS, final approval, and accountability for the work; final approval of the version to be published; agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jerome R. Lechien.

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Appendices

Appendix 1

See below Table 5.

Table 5 Definition of the measurement properties of signs of instruments analyzed in the study
Full size table

Appendix 2

See below Table 6.

Table 6 Interrater reliability from judge to judge
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Lechien, J.R., Blouin, A., Baudouin, R. et al. Validity and reliability of the Group for Learning Useful and Performant Swallowing (GLUPS) tool. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 281, 817–826 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-023-08313-1

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