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Association of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo with vitamin D deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • Otology
  • Published:
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background and objective

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is an idiopathic recurrent inner ear illness that is caused most often by an imbalance in the metabolism of calcium carbonate crystals (otoconia) inside the semicircular canals, in which the otoconia begin to circulate freely after being dislodged from the basic structure. The underlying etiology of this imbalance has not yet been well established; however, a few recent articles have revealed that vitamin D level abnormality in these patients might play a role. Therefore, we conducted the current systematic review analysis to explore potential associations of vitamin D level with the occurrence as well as the recurrence of BPPV disease.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using different databases to retrieve all of the articles that have evaluated possible associations, irrespective of the study design. Then, we reported different vitamin D3 levels from BPPV groups and control groups to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) between the BPPV and control groups. We also calculated the effect size of each study under the random effects statistical model.

Results

Of the 703 studies that we identified, only 37 studies were found to be potential for our analysis, and of these, only seven met our predetermined criteria. Two meta-analyses were conducted with respect to the occurrence and the recurrence of BPPV. When the BPPV cases were compared to the controls (free of BPPV disease), there was an insignificant reduction in vitamin D level among the diseased groups (SMD = − 2.20; 95% CI − 6.66 to 2.26). In contrast, when the recurrent BPPV groups were compared with the non-recurrent BPPV groups, the statistical analysis showed significantly lower level of vitamin D among the recurrence BPPV groups (SMD = − 4.47; 95% CI − 7.55 to − 1.29).

Conclusion

Although a negative vitamin D imbalance has been reported among some BPPV patients, this review analysis failed to establish a relationship between the occurrence of BPPV and low vitamin D level. However, low vitamin D level was significantly evident among patients with recurrent episodes of BPPV.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the department of Family and Community Medicine at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia for the tremendous efforts they provided during the period of the public health master program. In addition, the authors extend their great thanks to Prof. Michael A. Stoto, Professor of Health System Administration and Population Health at Georgetown University and the Adjunct Professor of Biostatistics and Senior Preparedness Fellow at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health for the outstanding and valuable lectures on systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which helped us to build up the knowledge and skills required to conduct such a study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Section, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed A. AlGarni

  2. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmad A. Mirza

  3. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Awwadh A. Althobaiti

  4. King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Hanan H. Al-Nemari & Lamees S. Bakhsh

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  1. Mohammed A. AlGarni
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  2. Ahmad A. Mirza
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  3. Awwadh A. Althobaiti
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  4. Hanan H. Al-Nemari
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  5. Lamees S. Bakhsh
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Correspondence to Ahmad A. Mirza.

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AlGarni, M.A., Mirza, A.A., Althobaiti, A.A. et al. Association of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo with vitamin D deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 275, 2705–2711 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-018-5146-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-018-5146-6

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