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The interaction between apolipoprotein B insertion/deletion polymorphism and macronutrient intake on lipid profile and serum leptin and ghrelin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

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Abstract

Purpose

We aimed to study whether macronutrient intake could modify the association between ApoB Ins/Del and lipid profile, and serum leptin and ghrelin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods

In this study, 700 T2DM patients were recruited. Anthropometric, biochemical and molecular data were collected, and Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The interactions were tested using ANCOVA.

Results

Del-allele carriers with high-MUFA and carbohydrate (≥ 12 and ≥ 54% of energy, respectively) had significantly higher TG (P = 0.04) and LDL-C (P = 0.02) compared to Ins/Ins homozygotes, and these were not significant in subjects with low-MUFA and -carbohydrate (< 12 and < 54%, respectively). A significant interaction was observed between ApoB Ins/Del and diet on TG in both unadjusted (P = 0.03) and adjusted models (model 2 and 3, P = 0.04 and P = 0.04, respectively), and on LDL-C only in adjusted models (model 2 and 3, P = 0.03 and P = 0.029, respectively). Besides, Del-allele carriers with protein, SFA, MUFA and n-3PUFA of ≥ 14, 9, 12 and 0.6%, respectively, had a significant increase in their serum leptin than Ins/Ins homozygotes (P < 0.05). However, these associations were not significant between the two genetic groups in subjects with low intakes of protein, SFA, MUFA and n-3PUFA. Moreover, Del-allele carriers with low carbohydrate (< 54%) had significantly higher leptin and ghrelin than Ins/Ins homozygotes (P < 0.05), however, in high-carbohydrate group, leptin and ghrelin were not significantly lower.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that the interaction between ApoB Ins/Del and dietary intake of MUFA, SFA, n-3PUFA, carbohydrate and protein could modulate the serum levels of TG, LDL-C, leptin and ghrelin in T2DM patients.

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Abbreviations

ApoB:

Apolipoprotein B

T2DM:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

ANCOVA:

Analysis of covariance

HDL-c:

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

LDL-c:

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol

TG:

Triglyceride

TC:

Total cholesterol

SFA:

Saturated fatty acid

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acid

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded and supported by the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Research Project 91-03-161-19322). The authors thank the participants in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Masoumeh Rafiee, Mahmoud Djalali, Ehsan Alvandi & Fariba Koohdani

  2. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Gity Sotoudeh

  3. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammadreza Eshraghian

  4. School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Javadi

  5. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

    Farideh Doostan

  6. Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Fariba Koohdani

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  1. Masoumeh Rafiee
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  2. Gity Sotoudeh
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Rafiee, M., Sotoudeh, G., Djalali, M. et al. The interaction between apolipoprotein B insertion/deletion polymorphism and macronutrient intake on lipid profile and serum leptin and ghrelin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Eur J Nutr 58, 1055–1065 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1621-5

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