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First surface-based estimation of the aerosol indirect effect over a site in southeastern China

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Abstract

The deployment of the U.S. Atmospheric Radiation Measurement mobile facility in Shouxian from May to December 2008 amassed the most comprehensive set of measurements of atmospheric, surface, aerosol, and cloud variables in China. This deployment provided a unique opportunity to investigate the aerosol–cloud interactions, which are most challenging and, to date, have not been examined to any great degree in China. The relationship between cloud droplet effective radius (CER) and aerosol index (AI) is very weak in summer because the cloud droplet growth is least affected by the competition for water vapor. Mean cloud liquid water path (LWP) and cloud optical depth (COD) significantly increase with increasing AI in fall. The sensitivities of CER and LWP to aerosol loading increases are not significantly different under different air mass conditions. There is a significant correlation between the changes in hourly mean AI and the changes in hourly mean CER, LWP, and COD. The aerosol first indirect effect (FIE) is estimated in terms of relative changes in both CER (FIECER) and COD (FIECOD) with changes in AI for different seasons and air masses. FIECOD and FIECER are similar in magnitude and close to the typical FIE value of ∼ 0.23, and do not change much between summer and fall or between the two different air mass conditions. Similar analyses were done using spaceborne Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data. The satellite-derived FIE is contrary to the FIE estimated from surface retrievals and may have large uncertainties due to some inherent limitations.

摘 要

2008 年 5 月至 12 月, 美国大气辐射观测移动设施在我国寿县地区进行了连续观测, 并获得了该地区大气, 地面, 气溶胶以及云等大量的综合观测资料. 该观测为地基研究我国气溶胶和云的相互作用提供了极为难得的机会. 气溶胶与云的相互作用是气候变化研究中最具有挑战性的科学问题之一, 而到目前为止, 我国几乎没有地基观测研究. 由于云滴粒子增长受到水汽竞争的影响, 云滴有效半径与气溶胶指数之间的关系在夏季较弱. 秋季, 云平均的液态水路径以及云光学厚度随气溶胶指数的增加显著增加. 云滴有效半径和云液态水路径对气溶胶增加的敏感性在不同大气团影响下并没有显著的差异. 平均的气溶胶指数的小时变化与平均的云滴有效半径, 液态水路径和光学厚度存在显著的相关性. 利用云滴有效半径和云光学厚度对气溶胶指数的相对变化, 分别评估了不同季节以及不同气团影响下的气溶胶第一间接效应的量级. 利用两个云的参数计算的气溶胶第一间接效应的量级相似, 接近于典型的第一间接效应的量级 (∼0.23), 并且在夏季与冬季以及不同的两个气团情况下并不存在明显的变化. 与地面观测值得到的第一间接效应相比, 由于某些固有的限制, 利用中分辨率成像光谱仪 (MODIS) 得到的第一间接效应存在着很大的不缺定性.

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Acknowledgements

Data were obtained from the ARM Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. The reanalysis data were obtained from the ECMWF model runs for ARM analysis provided by the ECMWF. M. Cribb helped edit the manuscript. The study was supported by the National Basic Research “973” Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB955804), a Natural Science Foundation of China research project (Grant No. 91544217), and the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant No. AGS1534670).

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  1. Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA

    Jianjun Liu & Zhanqing Li

  2. State Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China

    Zhanqing Li

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Liu, J., Li, Z. First surface-based estimation of the aerosol indirect effect over a site in southeastern China. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 35, 169–181 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-017-7106-2

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