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Bladder cancer detection in patients with neurogenic bladder: are cystoscopy and cytology effective, and are biomarkers pertinent as future diagnostic tools? A scoping review

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Abstract

Purpose

To summarize the current state of knowledge on bladder cancer diagnosis and screening in neurogenic bladder patients, and to explore the potential contribution of biomarkers in this context.

Methods

A scoping review was performed to retrieve cystoscopy and urinary cytology performance for bladder cancer detection in neurogenic bladder patients. We also retrieved information of certified urinary biomarkers in bladder cancer detection and their potential application for this specific population.

Results

A total of 1092 articles were identified; 19 of them were included in the scoping review regarding cytology and cystoscopy performance in patients with neurogenic bladder and 33 were included as related to biomarkers in bladder cancer. No significant study stood out to recommend bladder cancer screening in this specific population using cytology and cystoscopy because of the scarcity of results, low level-of-evidence studies, and lack of studies specifically designed to assess the test performance in this population. Two biomarkers were retained as potential future diagnostic tools: FISH analysis to detect chromosomal changes, and PCR for TERT and FGFR3 promoter mutation detection, associated or not with KRAS mutation detection.

Conclusion

There is no sufficient quality data to support cystoscopy and urinary cytology as effective tools for the diagnostic and surveillance of bladder cancer in neurogenic bladder patients. FISH analysis to detect chromosomal changes, and PCR for TERT and FGFR3 promoter mutation detection, associated or not with KRAS mutation detection, stand out as candidates of interest for bladder cancer detection in this specific population and should be prospectively tested.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier de Lyon Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite, 69310, Lyon, France

    Marc Sbizzera, Théo Arber, Paul Neuville & Alain Ruffion

  2. Equipe 2 - Centre d’Innovation en Cancérologie de Lyon (EA 3738 CICLY) - Faculté de médecine Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France

    Marc Sbizzera, Théo Arber, Paul Neuville & Alain Ruffion

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier de Lyon Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite, 69310, Lyon, France

    Françoise Descotes

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  1. Marc Sbizzera
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. AR had the idea for the study, MS and FD performed the literature search and data analysis, and all authors drafted and/or critically revised the manuscript. The first draft of the manuscript was written by MS and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. MS: Data collection, Data analysis, Manuscript writing and editing. FD: Data collection, Data analysis. TA: Data analysis. PN: Data analysis. AR: Protocol/project development, Data analysis.

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Correspondence to Marc Sbizzera.

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Sbizzera, M., Descotes, F., Arber, T. et al. Bladder cancer detection in patients with neurogenic bladder: are cystoscopy and cytology effective, and are biomarkers pertinent as future diagnostic tools? A scoping review. World J Urol 40, 1897–1913 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-022-03943-2

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