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Advanced imaging parameters improve the prediction of diffuse lower-grade gliomas subtype, IDH mutant with no 1p19q codeletion: added value to the T2/FLAIR mismatch sign

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Abstract

Objectives

A combination of T2/FLAIR mismatch sign and advanced imaging parameters may improve the determination of molecular subtypes of diffuse lower-grade glioma. We assessed the diagnostic value of adding the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) to the T2/FLAIR mismatch sign for differentiation of the IDH mutation or 1p/19q codeletion.

Materials and methods

Preoperative conventional, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging were performed on 110 patients with diffuse lower-grade gliomas. The study population was classified into three groups using molecular subtype, namely IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion (IDHmut-Codel), IDH wild type (IDHwt) and IDH mutation and no 1p/19q codeletion (IDHmut-Noncodel). T2/FLAIR mismatch sign and the histogram parameters of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and normalised cerebral blood volume (nCBV) values were assessed. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to distinguish IDHmut-Noncodel from IDHmut-Codel and IDHwt and from IDHwt, and the performance was compared with that of single parameters using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC).

Results

Positive visual T2/FLAIR mismatch sign and higher nCBV skewness were significant variables to distinguish IDHmut-Noncodel from the other two groups (AUC, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81–0.96). A lower ADC10 was a significant variable for distinguishing IDHmut-Noncodel from the IDHwt group (AUC, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.62–0.89). Adding ADC or CBV histogram parameters to T2/FLAIR mismatch sign improved performance in distinguishing IDHmut-Noncodel from the other two groups (AUC 0.882 vs. AUC 0.810) or from IDHwt (AUC 0.923 vs. AUC 0.868).

Conclusions

The combination of the T2/FLAIR mismatch sign with ADC or CBV histogram parameters can improve the identification of IDHmut-Noncodel diffuse lower-grade gliomas, which can be easily applied in clinical practice.

Key Points

• The combination of the T2/FLAIR mismatch sign with the ADC or CBV histogram parameters can improve the identification of IDHmut-Noncodel diffuse lower-grade gliomas.

• The multivariable model showed a significantly better performance for distinguishing the IDHmut-Noncodel group from other diffuse lower-grade gliomas than the T2/FLAIR mismatch sign alone or any single parameter.

• The IDHmut-Noncodel type was associated with intermediate treatment outcomes; therefore, the identification of IDHmut-Noncodel diffuse lower-grade gliomas could be helpful for determining the clinical approach.

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Abbreviations

AUC:

Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve

DSC:

Dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging

DWI:

Diffusion-weighted imaging

ICC:

Intra-class correlation coefficient

IDH:

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

IDHmut-Codel:

IDH mutant with 1p/19q codeletion subtype of diffuse lower-grade glioma

IDHmut-Noncodel:

IDH mutant with no 1p/19q codeletion subtype of diffuse lower-grade glioma

IDHwt:

IDH wild type of diffuse lower-grade glioma

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Funding

This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (grant number, NRF-2017R1A2A2A05001217) and by a grant (2017-7030) from the Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 43 Olympic-ro 88, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea

    Min Kyoung Lee, Ji Eun Park, Youngheun Jo, Sang Joon Kim & Ho Sung Kim

  2. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

    Seo Young Park

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  1. Min Kyoung Lee
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Correspondence to Ji Eun Park.

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The scientific guarantor of this publication is Ho Sung Kim.

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The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.

Statistics and biometry

One of the authors has significant statistical expertise: Seo Young Park.

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Lee, M.K., Park, J.E., Jo, Y. et al. Advanced imaging parameters improve the prediction of diffuse lower-grade gliomas subtype, IDH mutant with no 1p19q codeletion: added value to the T2/FLAIR mismatch sign. Eur Radiol 30, 844–854 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-019-06395-2

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