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Lung functional development and asthma trajectories

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A Correction to this article was published on 25 March 2020

This article has been updated

Abstract

Early life environmental risk factors are associated with chronic respiratory morbidity in child- and adulthood. A possible mechanism for this sustained effect is their influence on early life lung functional growth and development, a susceptible phase of rapid lung growth with increased plasticity. We summarize evidence of hereditary and environmental ante-, peri-, and early postnatal factors on lung functional development, such as air pollution, tobacco exposure, nutrition, intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, early life infections, microbiome, and allergies and their effect on lung functional trajectories. While some of the factors (e.g., prematurity) directly impair lung growth, the influence of many environmental factors is mediated through inflammatory processes (e.g., recurrent infections or oxidative stress). The timing and nature of these influences and their impact result in degrees of impaired maximal lung functional capacity in early adulthood; and they potentially impact future long-term respiratory morbidity such as chronic asthma or chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD). We discuss possibilities to prevent or modify such early abnormal lung functional growth trajectories and the need for future studies and prevention programs.

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Change history

  • 25 March 2020

    The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The given names and family names of all authors were switched in the original publication.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Karine Bell (University Children’s Hospital Βasel) for her critical reading of the manuscript.

Contributions

FD and UF conceived the study. FD drafted the manuscript; all authors have revised and approved the final manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation grant 320030B_182871.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Children’s Hospital (UKBB), University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland

    Fabienne Decrue, Olga Gorlanova, Jakob Usemann & Urs Frey

  2. Division of Respiratory Medicin, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Jakob Usemann

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  1. Fabienne Decrue
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  2. Olga Gorlanova
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  3. Jakob Usemann
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  4. Urs Frey
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Correspondence to Urs Frey.

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Literature search strategy

We searched PubMed for articles published in English from 2000 to 2019 with the following terms: “lung function/ trajectories/lung growth/air pollution/environmental tobacco smoke/” and associated terms. We identified relevant articles published before 2000 through a search via Google Scholar and through reviewing the articles and their relevant references cited. This was by no means an exhaustive search.

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This article is a contribution to the special issue on Asthma: Novel developments from bench to bedside - Guest Editor: Bianca Schaub

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The original version of this article was revised: The given names and family names of all authors were switched.

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Decrue, F., Gorlanova, O., Usemann, J. et al. Lung functional development and asthma trajectories. Semin Immunopathol 42, 17–27 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-020-00784-2

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