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Comparison of the insertion patterns of the extensor hallucis longus muscle in Korean focusing on the regional difference

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Abstract

Purpose

From the evolutionary myology, the additional tendon of the extensor hallucis longus (EHL) muscle represents the sample of a new acquisition. We aimed to determine whether the insertion pattern of the EHL muscle differs in Koreans according to demographic populations, especially between Jeju islanders and the Korean Peninsula inhabitants.

Methods

We used 69 Korean cadavers and classified the tendinous insertion of the EHL muscle as Pattern I, Pattern II, and Pattern III. The ratio of each Pattern in adult cadaveric samples was compared between demographic populations.

Results

The proportion of Pattern I, Pattern II, and Pattern III of the EHL muscle was 30.43, 63.77, and 5.80%, respectively, further divided into 18.00 vs. 36.04%, 72.00 vs. 60.47%, 10.00 vs. 3.49% in Jeju islanders vs. peninsular Koreans. There was a considerable difference in the insertion patterns of the EHL muscle in each regional group (p = 0.032), but not in each gender, age, and body sides of lower limbs.

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicate that there was a higher incidence of the accessory tendon(s) of the EHL muscle in Koreans and the distributed insertion patterns of the EHL muscle was significantly different between Jeju islanders and peninsular Koreans.

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Data availability

Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to SPY.

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Acknowledgement

The authors wish to sincerely thank those who donated their bodies to science so that anatomical research could be performed. Results from such research can potentially improve patient care and increase mankind's overall knowledge. Therefore, these donors and their families deserve our highest gratitude. The authors thank Dr. Sa-Beom Park (ARTRA, Daejeon, Republic of Korea) for participating in the schematic drawing.

Funding

This research was supported by the 2021 scientific promotion program funded by Jeju National University.

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Author notes

  1. In Youb Chang and Euihyeon Na authors equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea

    Inyoub Chang

  2. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, 54987, Republic of Korea

    Euihyeon Na

  3. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea

    Ji Won Oh

  4. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-Si, Jeju-Do, 63243, Republic of Korea

    Jinu Kim & Sang-Pil Yoon

Authors
  1. Inyoub Chang
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  2. Euihyeon Na
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  3. Ji Won Oh
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  4. Jinu Kim
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  5. Sang-Pil Yoon
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Contributions

Chang IY: project development, data collection, manuscript writing. Na E: data analysis, manuscript writing. Oh JW: data collection. Kim J: data collection. Yoon SP: project development, manuscript editing, supervision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sang-Pil Yoon.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Jeju National University Hospital.

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Chang, I., Na, E., Oh, J.W. et al. Comparison of the insertion patterns of the extensor hallucis longus muscle in Korean focusing on the regional difference. Surg Radiol Anat 43, 1045–1052 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-021-02702-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-021-02702-z

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