Abstract
This paper investigates local recognition of the link between incentive-based program (IBP) benefits and conservation, and how perceptions of benefits and linkage influence attitudes in communities surrounding Chitwan National Park, Nepal. A survey of 189 households conducted between October and December 2004 examined local residents’ perceived benefits, their attitudes toward park management, and perception of linkages between conservation and livelihoods. Linkage perceptions were measured by a scale compared with a respondent’s recognition of benefits to determine whether IBPs establish a connection between benefits and livelihoods. An attitude scale was also created to compare attitudes toward park management with perceptions of benefits and linkage to determine if IBPs led to positive attitudes, and if the recognition of a direct tie between livelihoods and natural resources made attitudes more favorable. Research results indicate that as acknowledgement of benefit increases, so does the perception of linkage between the resource and livelihoods. Similarly, when perceived benefit increases, so too does attitude towards management. Positive attitude towards park management is influenced more by perception of livelihood dependence on resources than on benefits received from the park. However, overwhelming positive support voiced for conservation did not coincide with conduct. In spite of the positive attitudes and high perception of linkage, people did not necessarily behave in a way compatible with conservation. This suggests that while benefits alone can lead to positive attitudes, without clear linkages to conservation, the IBP may lose persuasion when alternative options—conflicting with conservation objectives—arise promising to provide greater economic benefit.
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Acknowledgments
Funding support for this project was provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (Grant No. 410-2003-0136). We wish to acknowledge Damodar Khadka, Gail Fondhal, Ray Chipeniuk, and Jeremy Mackenzie for their contributions to the research design and the written text. We could not have completed this project without the dedication and hard work of our research assistants Shumita Chaudhary, and Bikram Chaudhari. We would like to thank the staff of the DNPWC for providing us with their insights. Finally, we thank the people who shared their perspectives and their time with us in the study villages in CNP.
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Nepal, S., Spiteri, A. Linking Livelihoods and Conservation: An Examination of Local Residents’ Perceived Linkages Between Conservation and Livelihood Benefits Around Nepal’s Chitwan National Park. Environmental Management 47, 727–738 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-011-9631-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-011-9631-6