Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Comparison of Postoperative Scarring in Asian Women After Supra-brow and Sub-brow Blepharoplasty: A Retrospective Study

  • Original Article
  • Oculoplastic
  • Published:
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Supra-brow and sub-brow blepharoplasty are two types of upper eyelid blepharoplasties that are commonly performed in middle-aged Asian women to correct skin laxity of the upper eyelid; the postoperative scar formation of the two procedures may be different. Therefore, we designed this retrospective study to explore the differences in postoperative scarring between patients receiving supra- or sub-brow blepharoplasty.

Methods

We identified 52 patients who underwent supra-brow blepharoplasty and 54 patients who underwent sub-brow blepharoplasty. For each patient, the scar quality was assessed using photographs, the Observer Scar Assessment Scale (OSAS), and the Patient Scar Assessment Scale (PSAS) 1 year following surgery.

Results

For OSAS, higher scores for pigmentation, thickness, relief, pliability, surface, and overall opinion were observed in patients who underwent supra-brow blepharoplasty (p < 0.05) except for the “vascular score” (p = 0.148). The average overall opinion scores of the supra- and sub-brow blepharoplasty were 3.90 ± 0.41 and 2.33 ± 0.48, respectively, indicating that acceptance of postoperative scars in patients who underwent supra-brow blepharoplasty was worse than that in patients who underwent sub-brow blepharoplasty. Significantly higher scores were observed in all items of PSAS items for patients with supra-brow blepharoplasty (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The postoperative scars in patients who underwent supra-brow blepharoplasty were more obvious than those in sub-brow blepharoplasty. From the perspective of postoperative scar formation, sub-brow blepharoplasty may be a more suitable choice for patients.

Level of Evidence V

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sedgh J (2018) The aesthetics of the upper face and brow: male and female differences. Facial Plast Surg 34:114–118

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Fitzgerald R (2013) Contemporary concepts in brow and eyelid aging. Clin Plast Surg 40:21–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Park J, Choi B, Baek S (2018) The effect of upper aging blepharoplasty on upper and lower eyelid position. J Craniofac Surg 29:747–750

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Har-Shai Y, Gil T, Metanes I, Scheflan M (2008) Brow lift for the correction of visual field impairment. Aesthet Surg J 28:512–517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Lee JW, Cho BC, Lee KY (2013) Direct brow lift combined with suspension of the orbicularis oculi muscle. Arch Plast Surg 40:603–609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Kim YS (2014) Subbrow blepharoplasty using supraorbital rim periosteal fixation. Aesthetic Plast Surg 38:27–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Karimi N, Kashkouli MB, Sianati H, Khademi B (2020) Techniques of eyebrow lifting: a narrative review. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 15:218–235

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Booth AJ, Murray A, Tyers AG (2004) The direct brow lift: efficacy, complications, and patient satisfaction. Br J Ophthalmol 88:688–691

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kim YS, Roh TS, Yoo WM, Tark KC, Kim J (2008) Infrabrow excision blepharoplasty: applications and outcomes in upper blepharoplasty in Asian women. Plast Reconstr Surg 122:1199–1205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Lee D, Law V (2009) Subbrow blepharoplasty for upper eyelid rejuvenation in Asians. Aesthet Surg J 29:284–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Fang YH, Liao WC, Ma H (2013) Infraeyebrow blepharoplasty incorporated browpexy in an Asian population. Ann Plast Surg 71(Suppl 1):S20–S24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wang J, Su Y, Zhang J, Guo P, Song B (2019) Subbrow blepharoplasty combined with periorbital muscle manipulation for periorbital rejuvenation in asian women. Plast Reconstr Surg 144:760e–769e

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chae JK, Kim JH, Kim EJ, Park K (2016) Values of a patient and observer scar assessment scale to evaluate the facial skin graft scar. Ann Dermatol 28:615–623

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Simcock JW, Armitage J, Dixon L et al (2014) Skin closure after laparotomy with staples or sutures: a study of the mature scar. Anz J Surg 84:656–659

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Huppelschoten AG, van Ginderen JC, van den Broek KC, Bouwma AE, Oosterbaan HP (2013) Different ways of subcutaneous tissue and skin closure at cesarean section: a randomized clinical trial on the long-term cosmetic outcome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 92:916–924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Maher SF, Dorko L, Saliga S (2012) Linear scar reduction using silicone gel sheets in individuals with normal healing. J Wound Care 21(602):604–606 (608–609)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Raklyar E, Zloty DM (2012) Use of a patient and observer scar assessment scale to evaluate the V-Y advancement flap for reconstruction of medial cheek defects. Dermatol Surg 38:1968–1974

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Lang BH, Wong KP (2013) A comparison of surgical morbidity and scar appearance between gasless, transaxillary endoscopic thyroidectomy (GTET) and minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (VAT). Ann Surg Oncol 20:646–652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Draaijers LJ, Tempelman FR, Botman YA et al (2004) The patient and observer scar assessment scale: a reliable and feasible tool for scar evaluation. Plast Reconstr Surg 113(1960–1965):1966–1967

    Google Scholar 

  20. van de Kar AL, Corion LU, Smeulders MJ et al (2005) Reliable and feasible evaluation of linear scars by the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. Plast Reconstr Surg 116:514–522

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Harunari N, Zhu KQ, Armendariz RT et al (2006) Histology of the thick scar on the female, red Duroc pig: final similarities to human hypertrophic scar. Burns 32:669–677

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Knize DM (1996) An anatomically based study of the mechanism of eyebrow ptosis. Plast Reconstr Surg 97:1321–1333

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lombardi CP, Bracaglia R, Revelli L et al (2011) Aesthetic result of thyroidectomy: evaluation of different kinds of skin suture. Ann Ital Chir 82(449–455):n455–n456

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the Foundation of National Natural Science Foundation of China (81571906 and 82072182) and Shaanxi Provincial Science Foundation (2020SF-179).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Linghan Qu, Zhen Liang and Jianzhang Wang have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

    Linghan Qu, Zhen Liang, Jianzhang Wang, Juan Zhang, Zhou Yu & Baoqiang Song

Authors
  1. Linghan Qu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhen Liang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jianzhang Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Juan Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhou Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Baoqiang Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Zhou Yu or Baoqiang Song.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the hospital ethics committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed Consent

For this type of study formal consent is not required.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Qu, L., Liang, Z., Wang, J. et al. Comparison of Postoperative Scarring in Asian Women After Supra-brow and Sub-brow Blepharoplasty: A Retrospective Study. Aesth Plast Surg 46, 2280–2286 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-022-02954-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-022-02954-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation