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Comparative analysis of contributing parameters for rainfall-triggered landslides in the Lesser Himalaya of Nepal

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Environmental Geology

Abstract

In the Himalaya, people live in widely spread settlements and suffer more from landslides than from any other type of natural disaster. The intense summer monsoons are the main factor in triggering landslides. However, the relations between landslides and slope hydrology have not been a focal topic in Himalayan landslide research. This paper deals with the contributing parameters for the rainfall-triggered landslides which occurred during an extreme monsoon rainfall event on 23 July 2002, in the south-western hills of Kathmandu valley, in the Lesser Himalaya, Nepal. Parameters such as bedrock geology, geomorphology, geotechnical properties of soil, and clay mineralogy are described in this paper. Landslide modeling was performed in SEEP/W and SLOPE/W to understand the relationship of pore water pressure variations in soil layers and to determine the spatial variation of landslide occurrence. Soil characteristics, low angle of internal friction of fines in soil, medium range of soil permeability, presence of clay minerals in soil, bedrock hydrogeology, and human intervention were found to be the main contributing parameters for slope failures in the region.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank relatives of victims of the Matatirtha landslide for their cooperation in field investigations. We are grateful to M.Sc. students (2002 batch) of the Central Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, for providing help in field work. We thank Mr. Pradeep Paudyal, Mr. Amar Chand, Mr. Kangada Prasai and Mr. Hari Kadel for their help in the collection of field data. We also acknowledge local community forest user groups for providing permission to enter the forest for investigation. We thank Mr. Bhoj Raj Pantha, Mr. Anjan Kumar Dahal and Ms. Seiko Tsuruta for their technical support during the preparation of this paper. The study was partially funded by the Sasakawa Fund for Scientific Research, The Japan Science Society.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Safety Systems Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University, 2217-20, Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, 761-0396, Japan

    Ranjan Kumar Dahal, Shuichi Hasegawa & Minoru Yamanaka

  2. Department of Geology, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Ghantaghar, Kathmandu, Nepal

    Ranjan Kumar Dahal

  3. Department of Mines and Geology, Lainchaur, Kathmandu, Nepal

    Santosh Dhakal

  4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ehime University, Bunkyo-3, 790-8577, Matsuyama, Japan

    Netra Prakash Bhandary & Ryuichi Yatabe

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  1. Ranjan Kumar Dahal
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Correspondence to Ranjan Kumar Dahal.

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Dahal, R.K., Hasegawa, S., Yamanaka, M. et al. Comparative analysis of contributing parameters for rainfall-triggered landslides in the Lesser Himalaya of Nepal. Environ Geol 58, 567–586 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1531-6

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