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Wind wave-forced fine sediment erosion during the slack water periods in Hangzhou Bay, China

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Environmental Geology

Abstract

The shallow water wave simulation model-SWAN incorporated with a simple fine sediment erosion model is applied to Hangzhou Bay, China, to model the horizontal distribution of the maximum bottom orbital velocity and corresponding fine sediment erosion rates induced by: (1) southeasterly steady winds (5, 20 and 30 m/s), (2) southwesterly steady winds (5 and 20 m/s); (3) northwesterly steady winds (5 and 20 m/s); (4) east-southeasterly steady winds (5 and 20 m/s); (5) easterly steady winds (5 and 20 m/s) under closed and unclosed boundaries; and (6) unsteady winds during the slack water periods. Results suggest: (1) the steady wind wave-induced maximum bottom orbital velocities and corresponding fine sediment erosion rates generally increased with the increasing steady winds; (2) closed and unclosed boundary conditions had more significant influences on modeled fine sediment erosion rates under 5 m/s easterly steady winds than 20 m/s; and (3) steady and unsteady wind wave-induced maximum bottom currents could be significant in eroding fine sediment bed in Hangzhou Bay. The results show implications for geomorphology, sedimentology, coastal erosion, and environmental pollution mitigation in Hangzhou Bay.

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Acknowledgments

This study was jointly supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (Estuarine and Coastal Science 40225014) and the Shanghai Rising-Star Program (03QMH1408), China. The results were presented at the 12th International Biennial Conference on Physics of Estuaries and Coastal Seas, Merida, Mexico, during 19–22 October 2004. Ms Linghong Zhou and Ms Chen Li are thanked for their assistance with drafting and improvements of figures. Laboratory for Oceanographic Hydrology and Meteorology, the Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China, is thanked for providing wave data. Professor Jiyu Chen (East China Normal University) is thanked for first introducing John Z. Shi to Hangzhou Bay.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China

    John Z. Shi, Wen-Jun Gu & Dian-Zhi Wang

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  1. John Z. Shi
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  2. Wen-Jun Gu
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  3. Dian-Zhi Wang
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Correspondence to John Z. Shi.

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Shi, J.Z., Gu, WJ. & Wang, DZ. Wind wave-forced fine sediment erosion during the slack water periods in Hangzhou Bay, China. Environ Geol 55, 629–638 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-1013-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-1013-2

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