Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in thoracic tuberculosis in the pediatric population: moving beyond conventional radiology

  • Tuberculosis Minisymposium
  • Published:
Pediatric Radiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Imaging is crucial in the diagnostic work-up and follow-up after treatment in children with thoracic tuberculosis (TB). Despite various technological advances in imaging modalities, chest radiography is the primary imaging modality for initial care and in emergency settings, especially in rural areas and where resources are limited. Ultrasonography (US) of the thorax in TB is one of the emerging applications of US as a radiation-free modality in children. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the ideal radiation-free, emerging imaging modality for thoracic TB in children. However, only limited published data is available regarding the utility of MRI in thoracic TB. In this pictorial review, we demonstrate the use of US and rapid lung MRI in evaluating children with thoracic TB, specifically for mediastinal lymphadenopathy and pulmonary complications of TB.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Pool KL, Heuvelings CC, Bélard S et al (2017) Technical aspects of mediastinal ultrasound for pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis. Pediatr Radiol 47:1839–1848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-017-3954-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Ruby LC, Heuvelings CC, Grobusch MP et al (2022) Transthoracic mediastinal ultrasound in childhood tuberculosis: a review. Paediatr Respir Rev 41:40–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2020.11.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Bhalla D, Sinha P, Naranje P et al (2022) Transcutaneous mediastinal ultrasonography for lymphadenopathy in children: a pictorial essay of technique and imaging findings. J Ultrasound Med 41:773–783. https://doi.org/10.1002/jum.15760

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Heuvelings CC, Bélard S, Familusi MA et al (2019) Chest ultrasound for the diagnosis of paediatric pulmonary diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy. In: British Medical Bulletin (Vol. 129, Issue 1) Oxford University Press, pp. 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldy041

  5. Di Gennaro F, Pisani L, Veronese N et al (2018) Potential diagnostic properties of chest ultrasound in thoracic tuberculosis-a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15:2235. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102235

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Pillay T, Andronikou S, Zar HJ (2020) Chest imaging in paediatric pulmonary TB. Paediatr Respir Rev 36:65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2020.10.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Sodhi KS, Khandelwal N, Saxena AK et al (2016) Rapid lung MRI in children with pulmonary infections: time to change our diagnostic algorithms. J Magn Reson Imaging 43:1196–1206. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25082

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Sodhi KS, Khandelwal N, Saxena AK et al (2016) Rapid lung MRI — paradigm shift in evaluation of febrile neutropenia in children with leukemia: a pilot study. Leuk Lymphoma 57:70–75. https://doi.org/10.3109/10428194.2015.104138

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Yikilmaz A, Koc A, Coskun A et al (2011) Evaluation of pneumonia in children: comparison of MRI with fast imaging sequences at 1.5T with chest radiographs. Acta Radiol 52:914–919. https://doi.org/10.1258/ar.2011.100429

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Sodhi KS, Bhatia A, Nichat V et al (2021) Chest MRI as an emerging modality in the evaluation of empyema in children with specific indications: Pilot study. Pediatr Pulmonol 56:2668–2675. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.25457

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Nagel SN, Wyschkon S, Schwartz S et al (2016) Can magnetic resonance imaging be an alternative to computed tomography in immunocompromised patients with suspected fungal infections? Feasibility of a speed optimized examination protocol at 3 tesla. Eur J Radiol 85:857–863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.02.009

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sodhi KS, Sharma M, Lee EY et al (2018) Diagnostic utility of 3T lung MRI in children with interstitial lung disease: a prospective pilot study. Acad Radiol 25:380–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2017.09.013

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Yan C, Tan X, Wei Q et al (2015) Lung MRI of invasive fungal infection at 3 tesla: evaluation of five different pulse sequences and comparison with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Eur Radiol 25:550–557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-014-3432-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Sodhi KS, Gupta P, Shrivastav A et al (2019) Evaluation of 3 T lung magnetic resonance imaging in children with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: Pilot study. Eur J Radiol 111:88–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.12.021

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Liszewski MC, Görkem S, Sodhi KS, Lee EY (2017) Lung magnetic resonance imaging for pneumonia in children. Pediatr Radiol 47:1420–1430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-017-3865-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Chung JH, Huitt G, Yagihashi K et al (2016) Proton magnetic resonance imaging for initial assessment of isolated mycobacterium avium complex pneumonia. Ann Am Thorac Soc 13:49–57. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201505-282O

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Rana P, Sodhi KS, Bhatia A et al (2020) Diagnostic accuracy of 3-T lung magnetic resonance imaging in human immunodeficiency virus-positive children. Pediatr Radiol 50:38–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-019-04523-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Sodhi KS, Sharma M, Saxena AK et al (2017) MRI in thoracic tuberculosis of children. Indian J Pediatr 84:670–676. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-017-2392-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Sodhi KS, Ciet P, Vasanawala S, Biederer J (2022) Practical protocol for lung magnetic resonance imaging and common clinical indications. Pediatr Radiol 52:295–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-021-05090-z

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Sodhi KS (2021) Lung MRI in children: the road less travelled. Indian J Radiol Imaging 31:237–241. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1729126

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Yucel S, Aycicek T, Ceyhan Bilgici M et al (2021) 3 Tesla MRI in diagnosis and follow up of children with pneumonia. Clin Imaging 79:213–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.05.027

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Garg MK, Gupta P, Agarwal R et al (2015) MRI: a new paradigm in imaging evaluation of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis? Chest 147:e58–e59. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.14-2347

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Ozcan HN, Gormez A, Ozsurekci Y et al (2017) Magnetic resonance imaging of pulmonary infection in immunocompromised children: comparison with multidetector computed tomography. Pediatr Radiol 47:146–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-016-3729-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Gorkem SB, Coskun A, Yikilmaz A et al (2013) Evaluation of pediatric thoracic disorders: comparison of unenhanced fast-imaging-sequence 1.5-T MRI and contrast-enhanced MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 200:1352–1357. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.12.9502

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kapur S, Bhalla AS, Jana M (2019) Pediatric chest MRI: a review. Indian J Pediatr 86:842–853. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-018-02852-w

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Naranje P, Bhalla AS, Sherwani P (2019) Chest tuberculosis in children. Indian J Pediatr 86:448–458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-018-02847-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Bosch-Marcet J, Serres-Créixams X, Borrás-Pérez V et al (2007) Value of sonography for follow-up of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in children with tuberculosis. J Clin Ultrasound 35:118–124. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Sodhi KS, Bhalla AS, Mahomed N, Laya BF (2017) Imaging of thoracic tuberculosis in children: current and future directions. Pediatr Radiol 47:1260–1268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-017-3866-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Heuvelings CC, Bélard S, Andronikou S et al (2019) Chest ultrasound compared to chest X-ray for pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 54:1914–1920. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24500

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Moseme T, Andronikou S (2014) Through the eye of the suprasternal notch: point-of-care sonography for tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenopathy in children. Pediatr Radiol 44:681–684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-014-2890-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Fentress M, Henwood PC, Maharaj P et al (2022) Thoracic ultrasound for TB diagnosis in adults and children. Public Health Action 12:3–6. https://doi.org/10.5588/pha.21.0072

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Heuvelings CC, Bélard S, Andronikou S et al (2019) Chest ultrasound findings in children with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 54:463–470. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24230

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Hunter L, Bélard S, Janssen S et al (2016) Miliary tuberculosis: sonographic pattern in chest ultrasound. Infection 44:243–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-015-0865-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Wernecke K, Vassallo P, Potter R et al (1990) Mediastinal tumors: sensitivity of detection with sonography compared with CT and radiography. Radiology 175:137–143. https://doi.org/10.1148/RADIOLOGY.175.1.2179987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Jana M, Mittal D, Bhalla AS et al (2021) High resolution transthoracic ultrasound in evaluation of pediatric mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Indian J Pediatr 88:105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03485-8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Peprah KO, Andronikou S, Goussard P (2012) Characteristic magnetic resonance imaging low T2 signal intensity of necrotic lung parenchyma in children with pulmonary tuberculosis. J Thorac Imaging 27:171–174. https://doi.org/10.1097/RTI.0b013e318211abfb

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Zeng J, Liu Z, Shen G et al (2019) MRI evaluation of pulmonary lesions and lung tissue changes induced by tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis 82:138–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2019.03.004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Kushaljit Singh Sodhi

  2. Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, 160012, India

    Kushaljit Singh Sodhi

  3. Section of Pediatric Imaging, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand

    Supika Kritsaneepaiboon

  4. Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India

    Manisha Jana & Anmol Bhatia

Authors
  1. Kushaljit Singh Sodhi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Supika Kritsaneepaiboon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Manisha Jana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Anmol Bhatia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

K.S.S. conceived, supervised, and supported the work. K.S.S., S.K., M.J., and A.B. drafted the initial manuscript and revised it critically for intellectual content. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kushaljit Singh Sodhi.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest

None

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (PPTX 539 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sodhi, K.S., Kritsaneepaiboon, S., Jana, M. et al. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in thoracic tuberculosis in the pediatric population: moving beyond conventional radiology. Pediatr Radiol 53, 2552–2567 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-023-05787-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-023-05787-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation