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Correlation between the lateral and anteroposterior sacral ratios in anorectal malformations

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Abstract

Background

The sacral ratio has been used as a tool for evaluating sacral development in patients with anorectal malformations. Sacral ratios can be calculated by obtaining sacral radiographs in the anteroposterior (AP) and lateral planes.

Objective

The objective of the study was to determine the correlation and agreement in sacral ratio calculations.

Materials and methods

In this single institution retrospective cohort study, we reviewed medical charts of all pediatric anorectal malformation patients treated between March 2014 and September 2018 who had both AP and lateral images of their sacrum. All sacral ratios were measured by three radiologists. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the correlation between the AP and lateral radiographs. A weighted Kappa statistic was used to measure the agreement between how the AP and lateral sacral ratios categorized observations into risk groups.

Results

Our initial cohort consisted of 646 observations from patients with anorectal malformations who had radiographs obtained in both AP and lateral planes. We excluded all observations (n=76) where the radiographs were deemed to be inadequate or not appropriately centered to measure sacral ratio. For a given pair of measurements, the mean lateral sacral ratio was 0.07 units greater than the AP plane (95% CI 0.06–0.09, paired t-test P-value <0.0001). AP and lateral images had a moderate positive correlation (Pearson’s r=0.76, 95% CI 0.73–0.79, P<0.0001) and moderate agreement in risk categorization (unweighted kappa = 0.60, P<0.0001). AP and lateral readings conducted by all three radiologists had excellent inter-rater reliability with intraclass correlations for AP and lateral sacral ratios of 0.88 and 0.84, respectively.

Conclusion

Even though the AP and lateral sacral ratios had moderate positive correlation, the mean sacral ratio determined by images in the lateral plane was 0.07 units greater than the AP plane. AP and lateral sacral ratios concluded different risk categories relatively often. Future studies are needed to determine whether AP or lateral sacral ratios correlate better with continence in patients with anorectal malformations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Surgery, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, FOB 6B, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA

    Hira Ahmad, Devin R. Halleran, Marc A. Levitt & Richard J. Wood

  2. Biostatistics Resource at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA

    Joseph R. Stanek

  3. Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA

    Benjamin P. Thompson, D. Gregory Bates & Jerome A. Rusin

  4. Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA

    Peter C. Minneci

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  1. Hira Ahmad
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  2. Devin R. Halleran
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  4. Benjamin P. Thompson
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Correspondence to Hira Ahmad.

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Ahmad, H., Halleran, D.R., Stanek, J.R. et al. Correlation between the lateral and anteroposterior sacral ratios in anorectal malformations. Pediatr Radiol 51, 1867–1872 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-021-05094-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-021-05094-9

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