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Incorporation of osteopontin peptide into kidney stone-related calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals: a quantitative study

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Abstract

Polyelectrolyte–crystal interactions regulate many aspects of biomineralization, including the shape, phase, and aggregation of crystals. Here, we quantitatively investigate the role of phosphorylation in interactions with calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals (COM), using synthetic peptides corresponding to the sequence 220–235 in osteopontin, a major inhibitor of kidney stone-related COM formation. COM formation is induced in the absence or presence of fluorescent-labeled peptides containing either no (P0), one (P1) or three (P3) phosphates and their adsorption to and incorporation into crystals determined using quantitative fluorimetry (also to determine maximum adsorption/incorporation), confocal/scanning electron microscopy and X-ray/Raman spectroscopy. Results demonstrate that higher phosphorylated peptides show stronger irreversible adsorption to COM crystals (P3: K0 ~ 66.4 × 106 M−1; P1: K0 ~ 29.4 × 106 M−1) and higher rates of peptide incorporation into crystals (maximum: P3: ~ 58.8 ng and P1: ~ 8.9 ng per µg of COM) than peptides containing less phosphate groups. However, crystals grown at that level of incorporable P3 show crystal-cleavage. Therefore, extrapolation of maximum incorporable P3 was carried out for crystals that are still intact, resulting in ~ 49.1 ng P3 µg−1 COM (or ~ 4.70 wt%). Both processes, adsorption and incorporation, proceed via the crystal faces {100} > {121} > {010} (from strongest to weakest), with X-ray and Raman spectroscopy indicating no significant effect on the crystal structure. This suggests a process in which the peptide is surrounded by growing crystal matrix and then incorporated. In general, knowing the quantity of impurities in crystalline/ceramic matrices (e.g., kidney stones) provides more control over stress/strain or solubilities, and helps to categorize such composites.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Todd Simpson (Western Nanofabrication Facility, Faculty of Science, UWO) for assistance with electron microscopy, François Lagugné-Labarthet (Department of Chemistry, UWO) for assistance in Raman analysis, Kem Rogers (Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UWO) for providing the confocal microscope and Holger Eichhorn (Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Ontario) for providing the X-ray spectrometer. The expert technical assistance of Honghong Chen (Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, UWO) is gratefully acknowledged. These studies were supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC; Grant #: R6PIN-2014-05793) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research of Canada (CIHR; Grant #: MOP130572). J.S.G. was the recipient of Studentships from the Canadian Association for Dental Research (CADR) and the Institute of Musculoskeletal Health and Arthritis (IMHA) of Canada.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada

    Jared S. Gleberzon & Harvey A. Goldberg

  2. School of Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada

    Jared S. Gleberzon, Yinyin Liao, Harvey A. Goldberg & Bernd Grohe

  3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada

    Silvia Mittler

  4. Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada

    Silvia Mittler & Bernd Grohe

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  1. Jared S. Gleberzon
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Gleberzon, J.S., Liao, Y., Mittler, S. et al. Incorporation of osteopontin peptide into kidney stone-related calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals: a quantitative study. Urolithiasis 47, 425–440 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-018-01105-x

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