Abstract
Background and purpose
While numerous reports have demonstrated intracranial CNS anomalies associated with Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome, to our knowledge, there has not been a large consecutive study examining these anomalies. The aim of this study was to determine the spectrum of intracranial neurovascular manifestations in patients with a clinical diagnosis of Klippel–Tranaunay syndrome.
Methods
Consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome, as defined by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies, who underwent brain contrast-enhanced CT/computed tomography angiography, MRI/magnetic resonance angiography, or digital subtraction angiography at our institution from 2000 to 2019 were included. Studies were evaluated by a neuroradiologist and a senior radiology resident for the presence of cavernous malformations, developmental venous anomalies, venous sinus developmental abnormalities, craniofacial venous malformations, intraosseous venous malformations, and intracranial/extracranial venous abnormalities.
Results
Fifty patients with definite KTS were included. Thirty-four neurovascular anomalies were found in 17 patients (34.0%), including 8 with multiple anomalies. Nine patients had developmental venous anomalies (18.0%), 7 had craniofacial venous malformations (14.0), 6 had venous sinus developmental abnormalities (12.0%), 7 had intraosseous venous malformations (14.0%), and 2 had cavernous malformations (4.0%), and 9 patients had both intracranial venous abnormalities and craniofacial or calvarial findings (13.0%).
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate that Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome can involve a wide spectrum of intracranial neurovascular anomalies predominantly involving the venous system
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Abbreviations
- DVA:
-
Developmental venous anomaly
- ISSVA:
-
International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies
- KTS:
-
Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome
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Covington, T.N., Anderson, K.R., Tollefson, M.M. et al. Intracranial and extracranial vascular manifestations of patients with a clinical diagnosis of Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome. Neuroradiology 63, 409–415 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-020-02560-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-020-02560-3