Abstract
Rationale
Women with cocaine use disorder have worse treatment outcomes compared with men. Sex differences in cocaine addiction may be driven by differences in neurobiology or stress reactivity. Oxytocin is a potential therapeutic for stress reduction in substance use disorders, but no studies have examined the effect of oxytocin on neural response to drug cues in individuals with cocaine use disorders or potential sex differences in this response.
Objectives
The goal of this study was to examine the effect of intranasal oxytocin on cocaine cue reactivity in cocaine dependence, modulated by gender and history of childhood trauma.
Methods
Cocaine-dependent men with (n = 24) or without (n = 19) a history of childhood trauma and cocaine-dependent women with (n = 16) or without (n = 8) a history of childhood trauma completed an fMRI cocaine cue reactivity task under intranasal placebo or oxytocin (40 IU) on two different days. fMRI response was measured in the right amygdala and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC).
Results
In the DMPFC, oxytocin reduced fMRI response to cocaine cues across all subject groups. However, in the amygdala, only men with a history of childhood trauma showed a significantly reduced fMRI response to cocaine cues on oxytocin versus placebo, while women with a history of childhood trauma showed an enhanced amygdala response to cocaine cues following oxytocin administration. Cocaine-dependent subjects with no history of childhood trauma showed no effect of oxytocin on amygdala response.
Conclusions
Oxytocin can reduce cue reactivity in cocaine dependence, but its effect is modified by sex and childhood trauma history. Whereas men with cocaine dependence may benefit from oxytocin administration, additional studies are needed to determine whether oxytocin can be an effective therapeutic for cocaine-dependent women.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Laura Lohnes for assistance with the fMRI data analysis.
Funding
This study was sponsored by a National Institute on Drug Abuse grants P50DA016511 (K. Brady), K23DA045099 (B. Sherman), and K24DA038240 (A. McRae-Clark), with additional support from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences grant UL1TR001450 (K. Brady).
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Joseph, J.E., McRae-Clark, A., Sherman, B.J. et al. Neural correlates of oxytocin and cue reactivity in cocaine-dependent men and women with and without childhood trauma. Psychopharmacology (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-019-05360-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-019-05360-7