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Pressmud Subdue Phytoremediation Indices in Lead-Contaminated Soils: A Human Health Perspective

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Abstract

Direct discharge of waste into water bodies and mining are two major sources of lead contamination in ecosystems. Water scarcity promoted the usage of industrial effluent-contaminated waters for crop production, mainly in peri-urban areas. These wastewaters may contain heavy metals and pollute crop ecosystems. These metals can reach the living cell via contaminated raw foodstuffs that grow under these conditions and cause various ill effects in metabolic activities. In this study, graded levels of pressmud (0, 2.5, 5, 10 g/kg) were applied on lead imposed soil with different contamination levels (0, 100, 150, 300 mg/kg) and metal dynamics was studied in spinach crop. Experimental results showed that the addition of pressmud upto 10 mg/kg had decreased different phytoremediation indices in spinach crop. Whereas, increasing Pb level enhanced the indices’ values, indicating accumulation of significant amount of Pb in spinach biomass. However, application of pressmud (upto 10 mg/kg) reduced the bioconcentration factor (BCF) from 0.182 to 0.136, transfer factor (TF) from 0.221 to 0.191, translocation efficiency 66.11–59.34%; whereas, Pb removal enhanced from 0.063 to 0.072 over control treatment. These findings suggest that application of pressmud declined Pb concentration, the BCF and the TF in test crop which lead to less chances of adverse effect in human. These information are very useful for effectively managing wastewater irrigated agricultural crop production systems.

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Data Availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this MS; publishing agency should have right to use for public domain. My manuscript has no associated data.

Abbreviations

Pb:

Lead

PM:

Pressmud

DHA:

dehydrogenase activities

TF:

Transfer factor

BCF:

Bioconcentration factor

TE:

Translocation efficiency

EC:

Electrical conductivity

OC:

Organic carbon

CEC:

Cation exchange capacity

ICP OES:

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry

ICAR:

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

DTPA:

Diethylene triamine penta acetic acid

DAS:

Days after sowing

LSD:

Least significant difference

CRD:

Complete randomized design

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Berasia Road, Nabibagh, Bhopal, 462 038, India

    M L Dotaniya

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Gwalior, 474 002, India

    M L Dotaniya

  3. ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Sewar, Bharatpur, 321 303, India

    M C Nagar & Amita Sharma

  4. Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, SKRAU, Bikaner, 334006, India

    C K Dotaniya

  5. Department of Agronomy, SKN College of Agriculture, Jobner, 303 328, India

    R K Doutaniya

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  1. M L Dotaniya
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  2. M C Nagar
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Dotaniya, M.L., Nagar, M.C., Sharma, A. et al. Pressmud Subdue Phytoremediation Indices in Lead-Contaminated Soils: A Human Health Perspective. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 112, 16 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-023-03848-9

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