Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana has, in conjunction with A. arenosa, developed into a system for the molecular analysis of alloplolyploidy. However, there are very few Arabidopsis lines available to study autopolyploidy. In order to investigate polyploidy on a reliable basis, we have optimised conventional methodologies and developed a novel strategy for the rapid generation and identification of polyploids based on trichome branching patterns. The analysis of more than two dozen independently induced Arabidopsis lines has led to interesting observations concerning the relationship between cell size and ploidy levels and on the relative stability of tetraploidy in Arabidopsis over at least three consecutive generations. The most important finding of this work is that neo-tetraploid lines exhibit considerable stability through all the generations tested. The systematic generation of tetraploid collections through this strategy as well as the lines generated in this work will help to unravel the consequences of polyploidy, particularly tetraploidy, on the genome, on gene expression and on natural diversity in Arabidopsis.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Daniel and his group (Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft) for generous provision of the Partec II Flow Cytometer and help, Dr. Stephan Haug (Lehrstuhl für Mathematische Statistik, TU München) for helpful advice in statistics and an anonymous reviewer for useful hints. We owe very special thanks to Farhah Assaad for critically reading the manuscript and useful discussions. We thank the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre (NASC) for lines. We are particularly indebted to the following colleagues for kindly providing lines: Ortrun Mittelsten-Scheid (Wien), Jolanta Maluszynska (Katowice), Marie-Theres Hauser (Wien), Thomas Debener (Hannover) and Jiri Friml (Ghent). The financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant GI 140/12-1 to A.G. and R.A.T.R.) is gratefully acknowledged.
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Communicated by M. Kearsey.
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122_2009_966_MOESM1_ESM.tif
SFig. 1 Additional size features in polyploids. DAPI stained nuclei in stomata (a-c) and trichomes (d+e): a) diploid Col-0, b) tetraploid Col-0, c) octoploid Col-0, d) diploid Ler-0 and e) aneuploid Col-0 (black arrows). Comparison of organs of diploid and tetraploid transgenic lines, respectively (f-i). Root tips in f+g (CYCAt1::GUS transgene); whole embryo and root tips in h-i (DR5rev::GFP transgene). Note that the expression domains of the reporter constructs remain stable in the tetraploids. The GUS reporter indicates the actively dividing region in the root tip. The DR5rev::GFP reporter indicates the auxin maximum of the root tip (white arrow; inset in i) shows magnification of root tip). Sizes of seeds from different polyploids as indicated (j-m). Scale bars: in c) 10μm is the same in a+b); in e) 100μm is the same in d); in g) 80μm is the same in f); in h+i) is 80μm; in inset of i) 30μm; in m) 50μm is the same in j-l) (TIFF 7006 kb)
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Yu, Z., Haage, K., Streit, V.E. et al. A large number of tetraploid Arabidopsis thaliana lines, generated by a rapid strategy, reveal high stability of neo-tetraploids during consecutive generations. Theor Appl Genet 118, 1107–1119 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-009-0966-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-009-0966-9