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Mechanische Rekanalisation beim akuten Schlaganfall

Mechanical recanalization in acute stroke treatment

  • Schlaganfall
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Zusammenfassung

Die Entwicklung endovaskulärer Techniken zur Behandlung des akuten Schlaganfalls begann mit der Einführung der lokalen intraarteriellen Fibrinolyse. Parallel zur Entwicklung neuer systemischer Therapieansätze wurden in den letzten Jahren Kathetersysteme zur Auflockerung, Zerkleinerung oder Extraktion zerebraler Thromben alternativ oder in Ergänzung zu einer fibrinolytischen Behandlung erprobt. So wurde die mechanische Alteration intrakranieller Thromben durch Ballonkatheter, Manipulationen mit dem Führungsdraht oder endovaskulär eingestrahlten Ultraschallwellen sowie Techniken der Thrombusaspiration, Schlingenextraktion oder komplexere hydrodynamische oder lasergestützte Thrombektomiesysteme in Machbarkeitsstudien getestet, was deren grundsätzliche Funktionsfähigkeit und relative Sicherheit ergab. Eine breite klinische Anwendung außerhalb von Studien kann noch nicht empfohlen werden, da sich die neuen Kathetersysteme noch in einem frühen Stadium der klinischen Erprobung befinden.

Abstract

The development of endovascular techniques for the treatment of acute stroke began with the introduction of local intra-arterial fibrinolysis. In parallel to designing new systemic therapy approaches, catheter systems for loosening, disintegrating, or removing cerebral thrombi have undergone assessment in recent years to serve as alternatives or supplements to fibrinolytic treatment. Mechanical alteration of intracranial thrombi with balloon catheters, manipulations with the guide wire, or ultrasound waves transmitted into the vascular system as well as techniques for thrombus aspiration, snare extraction, or more complex hydrodynamic or laser-guided thrombectomy systems have been tested in feasibility studies, which evidenced basic functionality and relative safety. Broad clinical applications outside of the clinical trial setting cannot yet be recommended since the new catheter systems are still in early phase clinical testing.

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Correspondence to J. Berkefeld.

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Berkefeld, J., du Mesnil de Rochemont, R., Sitzer, M. et al. Mechanische Rekanalisation beim akuten Schlaganfall. Radiologe 45, 455–460 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-005-1203-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-005-1203-4

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