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Mikrobiom und Ernährung

Therapie der Zukunft für chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankungen?

Microbiome and nutrition

The way to a future therapy for chronic inflammatory bowel diseases?

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Zusammenfassung

Das komplexe Mikrobiom des menschlichen Darms enthält eine mehr als hundertfach größere genetische Information als das menschliche Genom. Die Zusammensetzung des Mikrobioms ist bei Patienten mit chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen in erheblicher Weise verändert: Die Diversität ist reduziert, zudem sind einzelne bakterielle Phyla über- oder unterrepräsentiert. Weit wichtiger als die nominelle Zusammensetzung ist jedoch die summierte funktionelle Leistungsfähigkeit der Mikroflora, die von der Bereitstellung einzelner Stoffwechselprodukte aus dem Lipid- oder Aminosäurebereich bis zur Produktion komplexer regulatorischer Substanzen reicht. Mit modernen pharmakologischen Entwicklungen wird versucht, die funktionelle Zusammensetzung des intestinalen Mikrobioms günstig zu beeinflussen. Eine wesentliche Strategie ist die Entwicklung pharmakologischer Formulierungen von einzelnen Lipiden, Kohlenhydraten (insbesondere komplexen Zuckerverbindungen) oder Aminosäuren zur kontrollierten Freisetzung in spezifischen Darmabschnitten distal der Resorptionszonen des oberen Gastrointestinaltrakts.

Abstract

The complex microbiome of the human gut contains an excessive amount of genetic information that is more than 100-fold larger than the human genome. In patients with inflammatory bowel disease diversity of the gut microbiome is significantly reduced and moreover specific phyla are overrepresented or underrepresented. However, the functional capacity of the microflora to generate certain metabolic products containing lipids or amino acids- and more complex regulatory substances is more important that the mere annotation of the microorganisms. Modern pharmacological approaches target the functional capacity and constitution of the microbiome. An important strategy is the development of controlled release formulations that deliver defined lipid, carbohydrate or amino acid products derived from nutritional components targeting gut areas distal to the absorption zones of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. S. Schreiber: Teilnahme an einer klinischen Studie zu Phosphatidylcholin bei Colitis ulcerosa. P. Rosenstiel und S. Schreiber: Beratungstätigkeit für Pfizer, Ferring und Conaris. S. Schreiber: Aktieneigentum: Conaris AG. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Schittenhelmstr. 12, 24105, Kiel, Deutschland

    S. Schreiber & S. Nikolaus

  2. Institut für Klinische Molekularbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland

    S. Schreiber & P. Rosenstiel

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  1. S. Schreiber
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  2. S. Nikolaus
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  3. P. Rosenstiel
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Correspondence to S. Schreiber.

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Schreiber, S., Nikolaus, S. & Rosenstiel, P. Mikrobiom und Ernährung. Internist 55, 889–897 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-013-3443-0

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