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Systematic Review of Different Neuroimaging Correlates in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

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Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a heterogeneous progressive neurocognitive disorder. Although different neuroimaging modalities have been used for the identification of early diagnostic and prognostic factors of AD, there is no consolidated view of the findings from the literature. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive account of different neural correlates of cognitive dysfunction via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), functional MRI (fMRI) (resting-state and task-related), positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) modalities across the cognitive groups i.e., normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD. A total of 46 meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria, including relevance to MCI, and/or AD along with neuroimaging modality used with quantitative and/or functional data. Volumetric MRI identified early anatomical changes involving transentorhinal cortex, Brodmann area 28, followed by the hippocampus, which differentiated early AD from healthy subjects. A consistent pattern of disruption in the bilateral precuneus along with the medial temporal lobe and limbic system was observed in fMRI, while DTI substantiated the observed atrophic alterations in the corpus callosum among MCI and AD cases. Default mode network hypoconnectivity in bilateral precuneus (PCu)/posterior cingulate cortices (PCC) and hypometabolism/hypoperfusion in inferior parietal lobules and left PCC/PCu was evident. Molecular imaging revealed variable metabolite concentrations in PCC. In conclusion, the use of different neuroimaging modalities together may lead to identification of an early diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker for AD.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Director, Nimesh G Desai, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), for motivation and unconditional support. PT acknowledges DST, Government of India for providing fellowship (CSRI-PDF). We thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions for improving the manuscript.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), 110095, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India

    Puneet Talwar & Suman Kushwaha

  2. Department of Neuroradiology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), 110095, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India

    Monali Chaturvedi

  3. Centre for Advanced Research in Imaging, Neuroscience and Genomics (CARING), Mahajan Imaging, New Delhi, India

    Vidur Mahajan

Authors
  1. Puneet Talwar
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  2. Suman Kushwaha
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  3. Monali Chaturvedi
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  4. Vidur Mahajan
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Contributions

P. Talwar and S. Kushwaha conceived, performed data mining, interpretation, and wrote the study. M. Chaturvedi performed literature mining, data interpretation and wrote the manuscript. V. Mahajan contributed by helping in improving the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Puneet Talwar or Suman Kushwaha.

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Conflict of interest

P. Talwar, S. Kushwaha, M. Chaturvedi and V. Mahajan declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical standards

For this article no studies with human participants or animals were performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

The authors P. Talwar and S. Kushwaha contributed equally to the manuscript.

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Talwar, P., Kushwaha, S., Chaturvedi, M. et al. Systematic Review of Different Neuroimaging Correlates in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease. Clin Neuroradiol 31, 953–967 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00062-021-01057-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00062-021-01057-7

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