Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Echocardiographic assessment in cardiogenic shock

Echokardiographische Beurteilung bei kardiogenem Schock

  • Review articles
  • Published:
Herz Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Echocardiography is the most helpful diagnostic modality in cardiogenic shock, the management of which still remains challenging despite advances in therapeutic options. The presence of cardiogenic shock portends high mortality rates. Therefore, rapid recognition, identification of the underlying cause, and evaluation of the severity of hemodynamic dysfunction are vital for correct management. Whether the cause of shock is unknown, suspected, or established, echocardiography is utilized in its diagnosis and management as well as to monitor progress. It is recommended as the modality of first choice. No other investigative bedside tool can offer comparable diagnostic capability, allowing for exact targeting of the underlying cardiac and hemodynamic problems. Echocardiography can promptly provide an impression of the etiology of shock and the potential line of treatment. Normal left ventricular and right ventricular systolic function, normal cardiac chamber dimensions, absence of any significant valvular pathology, and absence of any pericardial effusion virtually rule out a cardiac cause of shock. This review discusses the role of echocardiography as a decision-making tool in the evaluation and management of cardiogenic shock.

Zusammenfassung

Die Echokardiographie ist die wertvollste diagnostische Methode bei kardiogenem Schock, dessen Management trotz Fortschritten in den Therapieoptionen weiterhin eine Herausforderung darstellt. Ein kardiogener Schock geht mit hohen Mortalitätsraten einher. Daher sind die schnelle Erkennung, Ursachensuche und Beurteilung des Schweregrads der hämodynamischen Funktionsstörung von grundlegender Bedeutung für die Wahl der richtigen Therapie. Unabhängig davon, ob die Ursache des Schocks unbekannt, vermutet oder gesichert ist, wird die Echokardiographie in Diagnostik und Management sowie auch in der Verlaufsbeobachtung eingesetzt. Sie wird als Verfahren der ersten Wahl empfohlen. Keine andere bettseitig anwendbare Untersuchungsmethode bietet vergleichbare diagnostische Möglichkeiten und erlaubt das präzise Anvisieren der zugrunde liegenden kardialen und hämodynamischen Störungen. Die Echokardiographie erlaubt, sich ein rasches Bild von der Ätiologie des Schocks zu machen, und weist die Richtung für das potenzielle therapeutische Vorgehen. Eine normale systolische Funktion des linken und rechten Ventrikels, normale Herzkammerabmessungen, das Fehlen jeglicher relevanter Klappenfehler und das Fehlen jeglicher Perikardergüsse schließen eine kardiale Schockursache praktisch aus. In der vorliegenden Übersicht wird die Rolle der Echokardiographie als Instrument der Entscheidungsfindung in Beurteilung und Management des kardiogenen Schocks diskutiert.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Cecconi M, De Backer D, Antonelli M, Beale R, Bakker J, Hofer C et al (2014) Consensus on circulatory shock and hemodynamic monitoring. Task force of the European Society of Intensive Care. Med Intensive Care Med 40(12):1795–1815. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-014-3525-z

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Tewelde SZ, Liu SS, Winters ME (2018) Cardiogenic shock. Cardiol Clin 36(1):53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccl.2017.08.009

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Baran DA, Grines CL, Bailey S, Burkhoff D, Hall SA, Henry TD et al (2019) SCAI clinical expert consensus statement on the classification of cardiogenic shock: this document was endorsed by the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American Heart Association (AHA), the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) in April 2019. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 94(1):29–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.28329

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Vincent JL, De Backer D (2013) Circulatory shock. N Engl J Med 369(18):1726–1734. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1208943

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Neskovic AN, Hagendorff A, Lancellotti P, Guarracino F, Varga A, Cosyns B et al (2013) Emergency echocardiography: the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging recommendations. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 14(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jes193

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. McLean AS (2016) Echocardiography in shock management. Crit Care 20:275. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-016-1401-7

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, Webb JG, Sanborn TA, White HD, Talley JD et al (1999) Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. SHOCK Investigators. Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic Shock. N Engl J Med 341(9):625–634. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199908263410901

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Thiele H, Zeymer U, Neumann FJ, Ferenc M, Olbrich HG, Hausleiter J et al (2012) Intraaortic balloon support for myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med 367(14):1287–1296. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1208410

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. van Diepen S, Katz JN, Albert NM, Henry TD, Jacobs AK, Kapur NK et al (2017) Contemporary Management of cardiogenic shock: a Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 136(16):e232–e268. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000525

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Porter TR, Shillcutt SK, Adams MS, Desjardins G, Glas KE, Olson JJ et al (2015) Guidelines for the use of echocardiography as a monitor for therapeutic intervention in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 28(1):40–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2014.09.009

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Roffi M, Patrono C, Collet JP, Mueller C, Valgimigli M, Andreotti F et al (2016) 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 37(3):267–315. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv320

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, Antunes MJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bueno H et al (2018) 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 39(2):119–177. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L et al (2015) Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 16(3):233–270. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jev014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Jenkins C, Bricknell K, Hanekom L, Marwick TH (2004) Reproducibility and accuracy of echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular parameters using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 44(4):878–886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2004.05.050

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Prastaro M, Pirozzi E, Gaibazzi N, Paolillo S, Santoro C, Savarese G et al (2017) Expert review on the prognostic role of echocardiography after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 30(5):431–443e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2017.01.020

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Sia YT, O’Meara E, Ducharme A (2008) Role of echocardiography in acute myocardial infarction. Curr Heart Fail Rep 5(4):189–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11897-008-0029-6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bansal M, Sengupta PP (2013) Longitudinal and circumferential strain in patients with regional LV dysfunction. Curr Cardiol Rep 15(3):339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-012-0339-x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Mele D, Trevisan F, D’Andrea A, Luisi GA, Smarrazzo V, Pestelli G et al (2019) Speckle tracking echocardiography in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Curr Probl Cardiol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2019.03.007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Mirea O, Pagourelias ED, Duchenne J, Bogaert J, Thomas JD, Badano LP et al (2018) Variability and reproducibility of segmental longitudinal strain measurement: a report from the EACVI-ASE strain standardization task force. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 11(1):15–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.01.027

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Mirea O, Pagourelias ED, Duchenne J, Bogaert J, Thomas JD, Badano LP et al (2018) Intervendor differences in the accuracy of detecting regional functional abnormalities: a report from the EACVI-ASE strain standardization task force. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 11(1):25–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.02.014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Margulescu AD, Suran MC, Vinereanu D (2019) Reproducibility of combined acquisition and measurement of left ventricular longitudinal peak segmental strain in relation to the severity of left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 32(11):1451–1461e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2019.07.007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, Bates ER, Green LA, Hand M et al (2004) ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction—executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to revise the 1999 guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol 44(3):671–719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2004.07.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Valle JA, Miyasaka RL, Carroll JD (2017) Acute mitral regurgitation secondary to papillary muscle tear: is transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair a new paradigm? Circ Cardiovasc Interv. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.117.005050

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Wilson WM, Horlick EM (2016) Management of post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture. EuroIntervention 12(Suppl X):X18–X23. https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJV12SXA4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Simoons ML, ten Cate FJ (2004) Role of echocardiography in acute coronary syndromes. Eur J Echocardiogr 5(2):97–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euje.2004.01.004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Greaves SC (2002) Role of echocardiography in acute coronary syndromes. Heart 88(4):419–425. https://doi.org/10.1136/heart.88.4.419

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Assenza GE, McElhinney DB, Valente AM, Pearson DD, Volpe M, Martucci G et al (2013) Transcatheter closure of post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 6(1):59–67. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.112.972711

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Jones BM, Kapadia SR, Smedira NG, Robich M, Tuzcu EM, Menon V et al (2014) Ventricular septal rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction: a contemporary review. Eur Heart J 35(31):2060–2068. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehu248

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Moreno R, Zamorano JL, Almeria C, Rodrigo JL, Villate A, Serra V et al (2002) Usefulness of contrast agents in the diagnosis of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm after acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Echocardiogr 3(2):111–116. https://doi.org/10.1053/euje.2001.0130

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Ozer N, Aksoy H, Hazirolan T, Tulumen E, Deveci OS, Okutucu S et al (2010) An unusual case of a giant pseudoaneurysm formation after myocardial infarction. Echocardiography 27(8):E83–E86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8175.2010.01172.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Yeo TC, Malouf JF, Oh JK, Seward JB (1998) Clinical profile and outcome in 52 patients with cardiac pseudoaneurysm. Ann Intern Med 128(4):299–305. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-4-199802150-00010

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Bajaj A, Sethi A, Rathor P, Suppogu N, Sethi A (2015) Acute complications of myocardial infarction in the current era: diagnosis and management. J Investig Med 63(7):844–855. https://doi.org/10.1097/JIM.0000000000000232

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Poss J, Desch S, Thiele H (2014) Shock management in acute myocardial infarction. EuroIntervention 10(Suppl T):T74–T82. https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJV10STA12

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Ventetuolo CE, Klinger JR (2014) Management of acute right ventricular failure in the intensive care unit. Ann Am Thorac Soc 11(5):811–822. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201312-446FR

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Albulushi A, Giannopoulos A, Kafkas N, Dragasis S, Pavlides G, Chatzizisis YS (2018) Acute right ventricular myocardial infarction. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 16(7):455–464. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779072.2018.1489234

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Schneider M, Aschauer S, Mascherbauer J, Ran H, Binder C, Lang I et al (2019) Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular function: current clinical practice. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 35(1):49–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-018-1428-8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, Hua L, Handschumacher MD, Chandrasekaran K et al (2010) Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 23(7):685–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2010.05.010 (quiz 86–8)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Wood MJ, Picard MH (2004) Utility of echocardiography in the evaluation of individuals with cardiomyopathy. Heart 90(6):707–712. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2003.024778

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. La Vecchia L, Paccanaro M, Bonanno C, Varotto L, Ometto R, Vincenzi M. (1999) Left ventricular versus biventricular dysfunction in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 83(1): 120–2, A9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00795‑4.

  40. Maron MS, Olivotto I, Betocchi S, Casey SA, Lesser JR, Losi MA et al (2003) Effect of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction on clinical outcome in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 348(4):295–303. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa021332

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Rammos A, Meladinis V, Vovas G, Patsouras D (2017) Restrictive cardiomyopathies: the importance of noninvasive cardiac imaging modalities in diagnosis and treatment—a systematic review. Radiol Res Pract 2017:2874902. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2874902

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Ulus T, Okyay K, Kabul HK, Ozcan EE, Ozeke O, Altay H et al (2019) Turkish Society of Cardiology consensus paper on management of arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy. Anatol J Cardiol 21(2):98–106. https://doi.org/10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2019.60687

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Biere L, Piriou N, Ernande L, Rouzet F, Lairez O (2019) Imaging of myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathies. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 112(10):630–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acvd.2019.05.007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Izumo M, Akashi YJ (2018) Role of echocardiography for takotsubo cardiomyopathy: clinical and prognostic implications. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 8(1):90–100. https://doi.org/10.21037/cdt.2017.07.03

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Citro R, Pontone G, Pace L, Zito C, Silverio A, Bossone E et al (2016) Contemporary imaging in Takotsubo syndrome. Heart Fail Clin 12(4):559–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hfc.2016.06.005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Qureshi A, Awuor S, Martinez M (2015) Adult presentation of subaortic stenosis: another great hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mimic. Heart Lung Circ 24(1):e7–e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2014.08.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Evans JS, Huang SJ, McLean AS, Nalos M (2017) Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction-be prepared! Anaesth Intensive Care 45(1):12–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057X1704500103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Chockalingam A, Dorairajan S, Bhalla M, Dellsperger KC (2009) Unexplained hypotension: the spectrum of dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in critical care settings. Crit Care Med 37(2):729–734. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181958710

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Adler Y, Charron P, Imazio M, Badano L, Baron-Esquivias G, Bogaert J et al (2015) 2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Endorsed by: The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J 36(42):2921–2964. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv318

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Fadl SA, Nasrullah A, Harris A, Edwards R, Kicska G (2020) Comprehensive review of pericardial diseases using different imaging modalities. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-020-01784-x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Chetrit M, Xu B, Verma BR, Klein AL (2019) Multimodality imaging for the assessment of pericardial diseases. Curr Cardiol Rep 21(5):41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-019-1115-y

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Baumgartner H, Falk V, Bax JJ, De Bonis M, Hamm C, Holm PJ et al (2017) 2017 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J 38(36):2739–2791. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx391

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP 3rd, Fleisher LA et al (2017) 2017 AHA/ACC focused update of the 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 70(2):252–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.03.011

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP 3rd, Guyton RA et al (2014) 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 63(22):e57–e185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.02.536

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Zoghbi WA, Asch FM, Bruce C, Gillam LD, Grayburn PA, Hahn RT et al (2019) Guidelines for the evaluation of valvular regurgitation after percutaneous valve repair or replacement: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography developed in collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and interventions, Japanese Society of Echocardiography, and Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 32(4):431–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2019.01.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Baumgartner H, Hung J, Bermejo J, Chambers JB, Evangelista A, Griffin BP et al (2009) Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 22(1):1–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2008.11.029 (quiz 101–2.)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Baumgartner HC, Hung JC‑C, Bermejo J, Chambers JB, Edvardsen T, Goldstein S et al (2017) Recommendations on the echocardiographic assessment of aortic valve stenosis: a focused update from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 18(3):254–275. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jew335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, Bersin RM, Carr VF, Casey DE Jr. et al (2010) 2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with thoracic aortic disease: executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 76(2):E43–E86. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.22537

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Erbel R, Aboyans V, Boileau C, Bossone E, Bartolomeo RD, Eggebrecht H et al (2014) 2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases: document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult. The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 35(41):2873–2926. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehu281

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, Bueno H, Geersing GJ, Harjola VP et al (2020) 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Eur Heart J 41(4):543–603. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz405

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Cholley BP, Vieillard-Baron A, Mebazaa A (2006) Echocardiography in the ICU: time for widespread use! Intensive Care Med 32(1):9–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-005-2833-8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Sanfilippo F, Santonocito C, Panarello G, Arcadipane A (2016) The role of speckle tracking echocardiography for prognostication in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Crit Care 20:284. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-016-1451-x

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Griffee MJ, Merkel MJ, Wei KS (2010) The role of echocardiography in hemodynamic assessment of septic shock. Crit Care Clin 26(2):365–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2010.01.001 (table of contents)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Gaubert M, Resseguier N, Thuny F, Paganelli F, Cautela J, Pinto J et al (2020) Doppler echocardiography for assessment of systemic vascular resistances in cardiogenic shock patients. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 9(2):102–107. https://doi.org/10.1177/2048872618795514

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Nagueh SF, Bhatt R, Vivo RP, Krim SR, Sarvari SI, Russell K et al (2011) Echocardiographic evaluation of hemodynamics in patients with decompensated systolic heart failure. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 4(3):220–227. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.111.963496

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Beraud AS, Guillamet CV, Hammes JL, Meng L, Nicolls MR, Hsu JL (2014) Efficacy of transthoracic echocardiography for diagnosing heart failure in septic shock. Am J Med Sci 347(4):295–298. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318297d616

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Teran F (2019) Resuscitative cardiopulmonary ultrasound and transesophageal echocardiography in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am 37(3):409–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2019.03.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Mayo PH, Narasimhan M, Koenig S (2015) Critical care transesophageal echocardiography. Chest 148(5):1323–1332. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.15-0260

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Lau V, Priestap F, Landry Y, Ball I, Arntfield R (2019) Diagnostic accuracy of critical care transesophageal echocardiography vs cardiology-led echocardiography in ICU patients. Chest 155(3):491–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2018.11.025

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. Francesco Maisano, Prof. Dr. Michel Zuber, Prof. Dr. Maurizio Taramasso, and other CAS—Imaging in Structural Interventions faculty and participants for enabling positive research, as well as a positive academic environment, during the process of writing this manuscript. The authors would also like to thank the Mr. Caio Lacoste for his assistance with this document.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology, Memorial Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

    Sercan Okutucu MD & Ali Oto MD

  2. Department of Cardiology, Iskenderun State Hospital, P.O: 31300, Hatay, Iskenderun, Turkey

    Sefik Gorkem Fatihoglu MD

  3. Department of Echocardiography, Americas Medical City and CopaStar Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Maximiliano Otero Lacoste MD

Authors
  1. Sercan Okutucu MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sefik Gorkem Fatihoglu MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Maximiliano Otero Lacoste MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ali Oto MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sefik Gorkem Fatihoglu MD.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

S. Okutucu, S.G. Fatihoglu, M.O. Lacoste, and A. Oto declare that they have no competing interests.

For this article no studies with human participants or animals were performed by any of the authors. All studies performed were in accordance with the ethical standards indicated in each case.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Okutucu, S., Fatihoglu, S.G., Lacoste, M.O. et al. Echocardiographic assessment in cardiogenic shock. Herz 46, 467–475 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-020-05000-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-020-05000-3

Keywords

Schlüsselwörter

Search

Navigation