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Influence of surface treatments on the bond strength of metal brackets to CAD/CAM materials and discoloration after various refinishing procedures

Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy study

Einfluss von Oberflächenbehandlungen auf die Verbundfestigkeit von Metallbrackets zu CAD/CAM-Materialien und Verfärbungen nach verschiedenen Nachbearbeitungsverfahren

Eine rasterelektronenmikroskopische und rasterkraftmikroskopische Untersuchung

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Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

This study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) of a metal bracket bonded to three different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restoration materials pretreated with different surface treatments. In addition, the surface topography and color change of the restorations after debonding with two different tungsten carbide burs were examined.

Methods

A total of 216 plates were cut from three different CAD/CAM blocks, each of which was divided into three subgroups with different pretreatment methods: (1) acid etching, (2) sandblasting, and (3) laser irradiation. Incisor metal brackets were bonded. The SBS test was performed, and the failure types were classified. Then, samples were randomly divided into two subgroups according to the adhesive removal procedure to be used: a tungsten carbide bur with 12 blades or 24 blades (n = 12). Color change was calculated based on the ∆E00, and surface morphology was evaluated via SEM and AFM analysis.

Results

The SBS data revealed that the type of CAD/CAM material and the applied surface treatment significantly affected bond strength. The highest SBS values were detected for the Grandio Blocs (VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany; 14.3 ± 4.4 MPa), and the lowest was observed for Cerasmart (GC Europe, Leuven, Belgium; 12.0 ± 4.0 MPa). The ∆E00 results demonstrated significant differences only as a result of the applied surface treatment. The ∆E00 value in all groups was above the 1.77 threshold.

Conclusion

CAD/CAM material types and surface treatments affected the bond strength, but the interactions of these factors did not. The chosen surface treatment also significantly affected the ∆E00 after the polishing was done.

Zusammenfassung

Zielsetzung

In dieser Studie wurde die Scherhaftfestigkeit (SBS) eines Metallbrackets bewertet, das mit 3 unterschiedlichen CAD/CAM(„computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing“)-Restaurationsmaterialien verbunden ist, die mit verschiedenen Oberflächenbehandlungen vorbehandelt wurden. Darüber hinaus wurden die Oberflächentopografie und die Farbveränderung der Restaurationen nach dem Debonding mit 2 verschiedenen Hartmetallfräsern untersucht.

Methoden

Aus drei verschiedenen CAD/CAM-Blöcken wurden insgesamt 216 Platten geschnitten, die jeweils in drei Untergruppen mit unterschiedlichen Vorbehandlungsmethoden unterteilt wurden: (1) Säureätzung, (2) Sandstrahlung und (3) Laserbestrahlung. Auf die Schneidezähne wurden Metallbrackets geklebt. Der SBS-Test wurde durchgeführt und die Versagensarten wurden klassifiziert. Dann wurden die Proben nach dem Zufallsprinzip in zwei Untergruppen aufgeteilt, je nachdem, welches Verfahren zur Entfernung des Klebers verwendet wurde: ein Hartmetallbohrer mit 12 Klingen oder 24 Klingen (n = 12). Die Farbveränderung wurde auf der Grundlage des ∆E00 berechnet, und die Oberflächenmorphologie wurde mittels REM- und AFM-Analyse bewertet.

Ergebnisse

Die SBS-Daten zeigten, dass die Art des CAD/CAM-Materials und die angewandte Oberflächenbehandlung die Haftfestigkeit erheblich beeinflusste. Die höchsten SBS-Werte wurden für die Grandio Blocs (VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Deutschland; 14.3 ± 4.4 MPa) ermittelt, die niedrigsten für Cerasmart (GC Europe, Leuven, Belgien; 12.0 ± 4.0 MPa). Die ∆E00-Ergebnisse zeigten signifikante Unterschiede nur in Bezug auf die Oberflächenbehandlung. Der ∆E00-Wert lag in allen Gruppen über dem Schwellenwert von 1,77.

Schlussfolgerung

CAD/CAM-Materialtypen und Oberflächenbehandlungen beeinflussten die Haftfestigkeit, nicht aber die Wechselwirkungen dieser Faktoren. Die gewählte Oberflächenbehandlung wirkte sich auch signifikant auf den ∆E00-Wert nach der Polierung aus.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey

    Murat Tunca

  2. Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey

    Beyza Unalan Degirmenci

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  1. Murat Tunca
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Contributions

Murat Tunca: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Data curation, Writing—Original draft preparation. Beyza Unalan Degirmenci: Visualization, Investigation, Supervision, Software, Validation, Writing—Reviewing and Editing

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Correspondence to Murat Tunca.

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M. Tunca and B. Unalan Degirmenci declare that they have no competing interests.

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Tunca, M., Unalan Degirmenci, B. Influence of surface treatments on the bond strength of metal brackets to CAD/CAM materials and discoloration after various refinishing procedures. J Orofac Orthop 84 (Suppl 3), 231–243 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-022-00434-2

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