Abstract
This study explored the antibacterial activity of oral medicines utilized by indigenous peoples of East and North Kalimantan. We have selected ten medicinal plants commonly used in everyday life by the natives. We screened the samples using antimicrobial assays and GTase inhibition activity, then isolated, identified, and elucidated the mechanisms using HPLC, p-HPLC, NMR and MALDI TOF MASS. We obtained the most effective sample, Garcinia parvifolia, as antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus sobrinus and Porphyromonas gingivalis, with MIC values of 0.5 mg/ml inhibition on both bacteria and MBC values of 0.5 and 1 mg/ml, respectively. Methanol extract of G. parvifolia leaves showed antimicrobial activity in MIC and MBC assays with activity guide fractionation. The components were then determined using NMR and Maldi-Tof Mass techniques after being isolated with silica gel and purified with PHPLC. We found garcidepsidone A (1) and garcidepsidone B (2) as active compounds. MIC (2) for S. sobrinus was 0.02 mg/ml and for P. gingivalis was 0.05 mg/ml, but on the other hand, Garcidepsidone A (1) can inhibit GTase with a value of 25%. Based on these results, we validated that the leaf extract that has been used by the indigenous people of East and North Kalimantan could inhibit bacteria from oral pathogens and reduce dental caries.
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Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank Mr. Mitho Rimba and Mr. Raymoon Silaban for accompanying us to the Unmul Samarinda Botanical Gardens in East Kalimantan to collect samples. Thank you also to the natural product chemistry laboratory for hosting the extraction and Mr. Raharjo of the Dendrology Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, for identifying the plant species and keeping the voucher specimen.
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Egra, S., Kuspradini, H., Kusuma, I.W. et al. Garcidepsidone B from Garcinia parvifolia: antimicrobial activities of the medicinal plants from East and North Kalimantan against dental caries and periodontal disease pathogen. Med Chem Res 32, 1658–1665 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-023-03071-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-023-03071-5