Abstract
Neomycin is known to preferentially bind to A-form nucleic acid structures including triplex DNA, DNA and RNA hybrid, and duplex RNA. Tethering a DNA intercalator moiety to the C5” position of the ring III of neomycin is a practical approach to develop potent binders targeting various nucleic acid secondary structures via a synergistic effect; however, the minimal stacking surface of the intercalating moiety required to exhibit the effect remains unclear. In the present work, we synthesized four nucleobase and neomycin conjugates via click chemistry. All four conjugates stabilized a DNA oligonucleotide triplex in the thermal denaturation experiments monitored by UV. The guanine-neomycin conjugate (6b) showed a better triplex stabilization effect than neomycin. All the conjugates, as well as neomycin, exhibited no thermal stabilization effect on a human telomeric DNA G-quadruplex. These results suggest that the synergistic effect of binding is vastly dependent on the surface area of the stacking moiety of the conjugates. In addition, tethering a nucleobase to the C5” position of neomycin enhanced the cytotoxicity of neomycin toward MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cells but decreased the antibacterial effect of neomycin against several Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial species.
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Abbreviations
- Neo:
-
neomycin
- rRNA:
-
ribosomal RNA
- TAR:
-
trans-activation response element
- AMEs:
-
aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes
- BQQ:
-
benzo[f]quino[3,4-b]quinoxaline
- DMSO:
-
dimethyl sulfoxide
- MTT:
-
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- IC50 :
-
half maximal inhibitory concentration
- MIC:
-
minimum inhibitory concentration
- NMR:
-
nuclear magnetic resonance
- UHPLC:
-
ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography
- IR:
-
infrared
- ESI:
-
electrospray ionization
- HRMS:
-
high-resolution mass spectrometry
- TOF:
-
time of flight
- FBS:
-
fetal bovine serum
- DMEM:
-
Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium
- KB test:
-
Kirby–Bauer test
- OD:
-
optical density
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the University of the Pacific. We also thank Dr. William K. Chan for providing MCF-7 and HeLa cells.
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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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These authors contributed equally: Siwen Wang, Mandeep Singh.
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Wang, S., Singh, M., Ling, M. et al. Synthesis of nucleobase-neomycin conjugates and evaluation of their DNA binding, cytotoxicities, and antibacterial properties. Med Chem Res 27, 1517–1527 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-018-2169-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-018-2169-x