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Air Surface Temperature Correlation with Greenhouse Gases by Using Airs Data Over Peninsular Malaysia

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Abstract

The main objective of this study is to develop algorithms for calculating the air surface temperature (AST). This study also aims to analyze and investigate the effects of greenhouse gases (GHGs) on the AST value in Peninsular Malaysia. Multiple linear regression is used to achieve the objectives of the study. Peninsular Malaysia has been selected as the research area because it is among the regions of tropical Southeast Asia with the greatest humidity, pockets of heavy pollution, rapid economic growth, and industrialization. The predicted AST was highly correlated (R = 0.783) with GHGs for the 6-year data (2003–2008). Comparisons of five stations in 2009 showed close agreement between the predicted AST and the observed AST from AIRS, especially in the wet season (within 1.3 K). The in situ data ranged from 1 to 2 K. Validation results showed that AST (R = 0.776–0.878) has values nearly the same as the observed AST from AIRS. We found that O3 during the wet season was indicated by a strongly positive beta coefficient (0.264–0.992) with AST. The CO2 yields a reasonable relationship with temperature with low to moderate beta coefficient (−0.065 to 0.238). The O3, CO2, and environmental variables experienced different seasonal fluctuations that depend on weather conditions and topography. The concentration of gases and pollution were the highest over industrial zones and overcrowded cities, and the dry season was more polluted compared with the wet season. These results indicate the advantage of using the satellite AIRS data and a correlation analysis to investigate the effect of atmospheric GHGs on AST over Peninsular Malaysia. An algorithm that is capable of retrieving Peninsular Malaysian AST in all weather conditions with total uncertainties ranging from 1 to 2 K was developed.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Earth Sciences Data Information and Services Centre (DISC) for the provision of the AIRS data and images used in this paper. We would like to thank the technical staff who participated in this project. We are also grateful to USM for their support and encouragement. This project was carried out with financial support from RUI, Investigation Of The Impacts of Summertime Monsoon Circulation To The Aerosols Transportation And Distribution In Southeast Asia Which Can Lead To Global Climate Change, 1001/PFIZIK/811228.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics Department, College of Science, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq

    Jasim Mohammed Rajab

  2. School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, George Town, Penang, Malaysia

    M. Z. MatJafri & H. S. Lim

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  1. Jasim Mohammed Rajab
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  3. H. S. Lim
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Correspondence to H. S. Lim.

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Rajab, J.M., MatJafri, M.Z. & Lim, H.S. Air Surface Temperature Correlation with Greenhouse Gases by Using Airs Data Over Peninsular Malaysia. Pure Appl. Geophys. 171, 1993–2011 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-013-0762-y

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