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CircRNA: a rising star in gastric cancer

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Abstract

In recent years, a large number of circRNAs have been identified in mammalian cells with high-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatics. The aberrant expression of circRNAs has been reported in many human diseases including gastric cancer (GC). The number of GC-related circRNAs with validated biological functions and mechanisms of action is growing. CircRNAs are critically involved in GC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. CircRNAs have been shown to function as regulators of parental gene transcription and alternative splicing and miRNA sponges. Moreover, circRNAs have been suggested to interact with proteins to regulate their expression level and activities. Several circRNAs have been identified to encode functional proteins. Due to their great abundance, high stability, tissue- and developmental-stage-specific expression patterns, and wide distribution in various body fluids and exosomes, circRNAs exhibit a great potential to be utilized as biomarkers for GC. Herein, we briefly summarize their biogenesis, properties and biological functions and discuss about the current research progress of circRNAs in GC with a focus on the potential application for GC diagnosis and therapy.

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Abbreviations

GC:

Gastric cancer

EcircRNAs:

Exonic circRNAs

CiRNAs:

Intronic circRNAs

EIciRNAs:

Exon–intron circular RNAs

TricRNAs:

TRNA intronic circRNAs

MBL:

Muscleblind

A-to-I:

Adenosine-to-Inosine

QKI:

Quaking

EMT:

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

RBPs:

RNA-binding proteins

TSEN:

TRNA splicing endonuclease complex

BHB:

Bulge–helix–bulge

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

ESCC:

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

IRES:

Internal ribosome entry sites

CDK2:

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2

M6A:

N6-methyladenosine

PES1:

Pescadillo homologue 1

AGO2:

Argonauto 2

AUC:

Area under the ROC curve

Ex-circRNAs:

Exosomes-derived circRNAs

CAFs:

Cancer-associated fibroblasts

SiRNAs:

Small interfering RNAs

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 81572075, Grant 81972310), Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application (Grant SS2018003), and Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).

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  1. Rong Li and Jiajia Jiang are equal contributors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Suzhou, 215600, Jiangsu, China

    Rong Li, Jiajia Jiang, Hui Qian, Xu Zhang & Wenrong Xu

  2. Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China

    Rong Li, Hui Shi, Hui Qian, Xu Zhang & Wenrong Xu

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RL and JJ collected literature and draft the manuscript. HS, XZ, HQ and WX reviewed and made significant revisions to the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Li, R., Jiang, J., Shi, H. et al. CircRNA: a rising star in gastric cancer. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 77, 1661–1680 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-019-03345-5

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