Abstract
We have analyzed the effect of light on the steady-state level of the chloroplast elongation factor EF-Tu (tufA) mRNAs during chloroplast biogenesis in rice. The steady-state level of thetufA mRNAs in continuously light-grown seedlings was almost equal to that in the continuously dark-grown seedlings. Furthermore, thetufA transcript level was hardly changed in the transition of dark-grown seedlings to the continuous light and during all chloroplast developmental stages examined. We have previously shown that light had a similar effect on thetufA mRNA level during chloroplast biogenesis in maize. Therefore, we also examined the possibility of the light-regulation of barleytufA mRNA. It turned out that light had no effect on the barleytufA mRNA level either. Although only three types of grass were examined, these results may show a difference oftufA gene expression between grasses and legumina.
Literature Cited
Akaya, M.S. and C.A. Breitenberger. 1992. Light regulation of protein synthesis factor EF-G in pea chloroplasts.Plant Mol. Biol. 20: 791–800.
Baldauf, S.L., J.R. Manhart and J.D. Palmer. 1990. Different fates of the chloroplasttufA gene following the transfer to the nucleus in green algae.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 5317–5321.
Baldauf, S.L. and J.D. Palmer. 1990. Evolutionary transfer of the chloroplasttufA gene to the nucleusNature 344: 262–265.
Berry, J.O., B.J. Nikolou, J.P. Carr and D.F. Klessing. 1985. Translational regulation of light-induced ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase gene expression in amaranth.Mol. Cell. Biol. 5: 2238–2246.
Berry-Lowe, S.L., T.D. Mcknight, D.M. Shah and R.B. Meagher. 1982. The nucleotide sequence, expression, and evolution of one member of a multigene family encoding the small subunit of ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in soybeen.J. Mol. Appl. Genet. 1: 483–498.
Blumenthal, T., B. Saari, P.H. Van der Meide and L. Bosch. 1980. Q beta replicase containing wild type and mutanttufA andtufB gene.J. Biol. Chem. 255: 5300–5305.
Bonny, C. and E. Stutz. 1993. Soybean (Glycine max L.) nuclear nuclear DNA contains fourtufA genes coding for the chloroplast-specific translation elongation factor EF-Tu.Chimia, 47: 247–249.
Breitenberger, CA., M.C. Graves and L.L. Spremulli. 1979. Evidence for the nuclear location of the gene for chloroplast elongation factor G.Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 194: 265–270.
De Vries, S., H. Hoge and T. Bisseling. 1988. Isolation of total and polysomal RNA from plant tissues.Plant Molecular Biology Mannual, B6:l–13. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Fox, L., J. Erion, J. Tarnowski, L.L. Spremulli, N. Brot and H. Weissbach. 1980. Euglena gracilis chloroplast EF-Ts: evidence that it is a nuclear encoded gene product.J. Biol. Chem. 255: 6018–6019.
Gold, J.C. and L.L. Spremulli. 1985. Euglena gracilis chloroplast initiation factor 2: identification and initial chacterization.J. Biol. Chem. 260: 14897–14900.
Gruissem, W. 1989. Chloroplast gene expression: how plants turn their plastids on.Cell 56: 161–170.
Gruissem, W., A. Barkan, X.-W. Deng and D. Stern. 1988. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of plastid mRNA levels in higher plants.Trends Genet. 4: 258–263.
Kapoor, S., S.C. Maheshwari and A.K. Tyagi. 1994. Developmental and light-dependent cues interact to establish steady-state levels of transcripts for photosynthesis-related genes (psbA, psbD, psaA andrbcL) in rice (Oryza sativa L.).Curr. Genet. 25: 362–366.
Keegstra, K. and LJ. Olsen. 1989. Chloroplast precursors and their transport across the envelope membranes.Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 40: 471–501.
Klein, R.R., H. Mason and J.E. Mullet. 1988. Light-regulated translation of chloroplast proteins:trascription of PsaA-PsaB, PsbA, and RbcL are associated with polysomes in dark-grown and illuminated barley seedlings.J. Cell Biol. 106: 289–302.
Klein, R.R. and J.E. Mullet. 1987. Control of gene expression during higher plant chloroplast biogenesis.J. Biol. Chem. 262: 4341–4348.
Kraus, B.L. and L.L. Spremulli. 1986. Chloroplast initiation factor 3 fromEuglena gracilis: purification and initial chacterization.J. Biol. Chem. 261: 4781–4784.
Lamppa, G.K. and A.J. Bendich. 1979. Changes in chloroplast DNA levels during development of pea (Pisum sativum).Plant Physiol. 64: 126–130.
Lee, J.H., I.H. Kang, K.L. Choi, W.S. Sim and J-K. Kim. 1997. Gene expression of chloroplast translation elongation factor Tu during maize chloroplast biogenesis.J. Plant Biology. 40: 227–233.
Maurer, F., M. Murone and E. Stutz. 1996. Thetuf gene family of soybean: structure and differential transcription.Plant Science. 117: 83–93.
Miller, D.L. and H. Weissbach. 1977. Aminoacyl-tRNA transfer factors. InThe Molecular Mechanisms of Protein Biosynthesis. pp. 323–373. Academic Press, New York.
Montadon, P.E. and E. Stutz. 1983. Nucleotide sequence of a Euglena gracilis chloroplast genome region coding for the elongation factor Tu: evidence for a spliced mRNA.Nucleic Acids Res. 11: 5877–5892.
Nelson, T., M.H. Harpster, S.P. Mayfield and W.C. Taylor. 1984. Light-regulated gene expression during maize leaf development.J. Cell. Biol. 98: 558–564.
Rao, T.R. and L.I. Slobin. 1988. The stability of mRNA for eukaryotic elongation factor Tu in friend erytho-leukemia cells varies with growth rate.Mol. Cell Biol. 8: 1085–1092.
Roth, W.W., P.W. Bragg, M.V. Corrias, N.S. Reddy, J. N. Dholakia and AJ. Wahba. 1987. Expression of a gene for mouse eukaryotic elongation factor Tu during murine erythroleukemic cell differentiation.Mol. Cell Biol. 7: 3929–3936.
Schmid, K.M. and M.L. Mishkind. 1986. The transport of proteins into chloroplasts.Annu. Rev. Biochem. 55: 879–912.
Shepherd, J.C.W., U. Walldorf.,P. Hug and W.G. Gehring. 1989. Fruit flies with additional expression of the elongation factor EF-lα live longer.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 5463–5467.
Silk, G.W. and M. Wu. 1993. Posttranscriptional accumulation of chloroplasttufA (elongation factor gene) mRNA during chloroplast development inChlamydimonas reinhardtii.Plant Mol. Biol. 23: 87–96.
Smith, S.M. and R.J. Ellis. 1981. Light stimulated accumulation of transcripts of nuclear and chloroplast genes for ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase.J. Mol. Appl. Genet. 1: 127–137.
Sreedharan, S.P., CM. Beck and L.L. Spremulli. 1985. Euglena gracilis chloroplast elongation factor Tu: purification and initial chacterization.J. Biol. Chem. 260: 3126–3131.
Steinmetz, A. and J.H. Weil. 1989. Protein synthesis in chloroplasts. InThe Biochemistry of Plants. (A. Marcus, ed.) vol. 15, pp. 193–227. Academic Press, San Diego.
Sugiura, M. 1992. The chloroplast genome.Plant Mol. Biol. 19: 149–168.
Sugita, M., Y. Murayama and M. Sugiura. 1994. Structure and differential expression of two distinct genes encoding the chloroplast elongation the chloroplast elongation factor Tu in tobacco.Curr Genet 25: 164–168.
Taylor, W.C. 1989. Regulatory interactions between nuclear and plastid genomes.Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 40: 211–233.
Thompson, W.F. 1991. Physiological and molecular studies of light-regulated nuclear genes in higher plants.Annu. Rev. Plant Mol. Biol. 42: 423–466.
Vijgenboom, E., L. Nilsson and L. Bosch. 1988. The elongation factor EF-Tu fromE. coli binds to the upstream activator region of the tRNA-tuf/B operon.Nucleic Acids Res. 16: 10183–10197.
Walden, R. and C.J. Leaver. 1981. Synthesis of chloroplast proteins during germination and early development of cucumber.Plant Physiol. 67: 1090–1096.
Zhu, Y.S., S.D. Rung and L. Bogorad. 1985. Phytochrome control of levels of complementary to plastid and nuclear genes of maize.Plant Physiol. 79: 371–376.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kang, I.H., Lee, J.W., Lee, J.H. et al. Light-independent regulation of chloroplast translation elongation factor tu gene expression in three types of grass: Rice, maize, and barley. J. Plant Biol. 41, 324–329 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03030335
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03030335