Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Design and application of electrodes for the determination of dissolved oxygen

Конструкция и применение электродов для определения растворимого кислорода

  • Brief Reports
  • Scientific Instruments
  • Published:
Folia Microbiologica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The design and circuitry of solid electrodes of the Clark type for the determination of oxygen dissolved in microbial cultures and the suitable techniques are described. For the electrodes a portable battery instrument with an amplifier and recorder was developed. The electrode materials tested were: Au, Pt, Ag (cathode) and Ag/Ag2O and Ag/AgCl (anode). The effect of the presence of carbon dioxide on the course of the polarographic curves was determined. The temperature effect was determined for various membrane materials and its compensation with a thermistor was investigated. The effect of the circuit and design of the electrodes on stability, response time, reproducibility of measurement, durability of the electrodes and applicability in microbiology are discussed.

Abstract

Описаны конструкция и включение постоянных электродов типа Clark для определения растворенного кислорода в культурах микроорганизмов, а также соответствующие рабочие приемы. Для этих электродов были созданы портативный аппарат на батарею с усилителем и регистрационный прибор. В качестве материала для электродов были испробованы комбинации Au, Pt, Ag (катод) и Ag/Ag2O и Ag/AgCl (анод). Изучалось влияние присутствия углекислого газа на ход полярографических кривых. Было установлено действие температуры на мембраны из различного материала и проводились испытания компенсации этого действия термистором.—Обсуждается влияние включения и конструкции электрода на стабильность, время запаздывания, воспроизводимость измерений, долговечность электродов и их применимость в микробиологии.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anonym:Transistorized amplifier to the pointer meter. Radio and TV-News 2: 43, 1958.

  • Anonym:Elektronisches Voltmeter. Elektronik 11: 196, 1962.

  • Blondfield, E. F., Barter, L., Watanabe, H.:New designs in oxygen amplifiers for Clark type sensors. Beckman Instr. publ. 13 TW-196 Pittsburgh Conference, 1963.

  • Brehmer, Ch., Le Petit, G.:Ein Gerät zur elektrochemischen Sauerstoffmessung in der Blutbahn. Acta Biol. Med. Ger. 11: 447, 1963.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carilli, A., Chain, E. B., Gualandi, G., Morisi, G.:Continuous measurement of dissolved oxygen during fermentation in large fermenters. Sci. Rep Ist-Super. di Sanita 1: 177, 1961.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carrit, D. E., Kanwisher, J. W.:An electrode for measuring dissolved oxygen. Anal. Chem. 31: 5, 1959.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chance, B.:Spectra and reaction kinetics of respiratory pigments of homogenized and intact cells. Nature 169: 215, 1952.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chance, B.,Spectrophotometry of intracellular respiratory pigments. Science 120: 767, 1954.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chance, B., Williams, G. R.:A simple and rapid assay of oxidative phosphorylation. Nature 175: 1120, 1955.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chance, B., Hess, B.:Metabolic control mechanisms-III.-Kinetics of oxygen utilisation in ascites tumor cells. J. biol. Chem. 234: 2416, 1959.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charlton, G.:A microelectrode for determination of dissolved oxygen in tissue. J. appl. Physiol. 16: 729, 1961.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, L. C. Jr., Wolf, R., Granger, D., Taylor, Z.:Continuous recording of blood oxygen tensions by polarography. J. appl. Physiol. 6: 189, 1953.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, L. C. Jr.:Monitor and control of blood and tissue oxygen tensions. Trans. Amer. Soc. Artifical Internal Organs 2: 41, 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  • Čáslavský, Z., Hospodka, J.:Elektroda pro měřenírozpuštěného kyslíku v kapalinách. ČSSR Patent. No. 113 471, issed 20.11.1964.

  • Finn, R. K.:Agitation and aeration in laboratory and industry. Bacteriol. Rev. 18: 254, 1954.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finn, R. K.:Mass transfer mechanisms in fermentations. 136th ACS Meeting, Atlantic City N. Y., Sept. 1959.

  • Grängsjö, G., Ulfendahl, H. R.:Factors influencing the properties of electrodes for the continuous measurements of oxygen tension in tissues. Acta Soc. Med. Upsaliensis 67: 107, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gualandi, G., Morisi, G., Ugolini, G., Chain, E. B.:Continuous measure of dissolved oxygen in fermentations in the presence of microorganisms. Selected Sci. papers from the Inst. Sup. Sanita 2. part I, 4, 1959; Rend. Inst. Sup. Sanita 23: 822, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, E. D., Lindsey, A. J.:Vibrating electrodes in polarography. Nature 162: 413, 1948.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horn, G., Jacob, H. E., Böckel, W.:Apparativer Aufbau zum Registrierung von relative Trübung. Redoxpotential und Gelöstsauerstoff. Z. allgem. Mikrobiol. 4: 1–12, 1964.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hospodka, J., Čáslavský, Z., Beran, K., Štros, F.:The polarographic determination of oxygen uptake and transfer rate in aerobic steady-state yeast cultivation on laboratory and production scale. Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium Continuous Cultivation of Microorganisms-Prague 1962. Publ. House ČSAV, Prague 1964, pp. 353.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hospodka, J.:Polarographische Bestimmung des gelösten Sauerstoffs in biologischen Flüssigkeiten. Abhandlungen der DAW zu Berlin. Die Polarografie in der Chemotherapie, Biochemie und Biologie 300, Berlin 1964. Ref. Zeitschr. für Chemie 2: 259, 1962.

  • Hospodka, J., Čáslavský, Z.:Způsob plynulé úpravy koncentrace kyslíku rozpuštěného v živných tekutinách pro aerobní mikroorganismy. ČSSR Patent appl. PV—5591–63, 11. X. 1963.

  • Johansen, K., Krog, J.:Polarographic determination of intravascular oxygen tensions in vivo. Acta physiol. Scand. 46: 228, 1959.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kinsey, D. W., Bottomley, R. A.:Improved electrode system for determination of oxygen tension in industrial applications. J. Ins. Brewing 69: 164, 1963.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolthoff, I. M., Laitinen, H. A.:The voltametric determination of oxygen. Science 92: 152, 1940.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreutzer, F., Harris, E. D., Nessler, C. G.:A method from continuous recording in vivo of blood oxygen tension. J. appl. Physiol. 15: 77, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krog, J., Johansen, K.:Construction and characteristics of tefton covered polarographic electrode for intravascular oxygen determination. Rev. Sci. Instr. 30: 108, 1959.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laitinen, H. A., Kolthoff, I. M.:Voltametry with stationary microelectrodes of platinum wire. J. Phys. Chem. 45: 1061, 1941a.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laitinen, H. A., Kolthoff, I. M.:Voltametric determination and amperometric titrations with a rotating microelectrode of platinum wire. J. Phys. Chem. 45: 1079, 1941b.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Le Petit, G.:Durchflussmesszelle zur elektrochemischen Sauerstoffmessung. Pflügers Archiv 270: 571, 1960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Petit, G.:Fortschritte der elektrochemischen Sauerstoffmessung. Chem. Tech. 14: 471, 1962.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Limann, O.:Transistorvoltmeter M 584. Funkschau13: 573, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipner, H., Witherspoon, L. R., Champeaux, V. C.:Adaptation of a galvanic cell for microanalysis of oxygen. Anal. Chem. 36: 204, 1964.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Longmuir, I. S.:Respiration rate of bacteria as a function of oxygen concentration. Biochem. J. 57: 81, 1954.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Longmuir, I. S.:The application of polarography to the study of tissue respiration. Record of chem. progr. 24: 3, 1963.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mancy, K. H., Okun, D. A., Reilley, C. N.:A galvanic cell oxygen analyzer. J. Electroanal. Chem. 4: 65, 1962.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Novák, V.:Zvětšení citlivosti ručkových měřicích přístrojů. Amat. radio 12: 200, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, D. H., Johnson, M. J.:Measurement of dissolved oxygen in fermentations. J. Biochem. Microbiol. Techn. Eng. 3: 261, 1961.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rayment, R. B.:Temperature effect of the polarographic oxygen electrode. Anal. Chem. 34: 1089, 1962.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rice, E. A.:Concentric bipolar oxygen sensitive microelectrode. Rev. Sci. Instr. 32: 892, 1961.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Šerák, L.:Polarographische Methode zur Gewebeatmunguntersuchung. Z. Physik. Chem. Sonderheft 84, 1958.

  • Šerák, L.:An improved polarographic method of the estimation of oxygen consumption by ex vivo tissues. Adv in Polarography 3: 1011, 1960, Oxford (Pergamon Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Šerák, L.:Übersicht der bisherigen Erfahrungen in der polarographischen Untersuchungen der Gewebeatmung. I. Jenaer Symposium: Polarographie in Chemotherapie, Biochemie u. Biologie 1962.

  • Tödt, F.:Elektrochemische Sauerstoffmessungen. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vítek, V.:Polarographic studies with dropping mercury cathode. Part LVII. The estimation of oxygen contained in gases and solutions. Coll. Czechoslovak Chem. Commun. 7: 537, 1935.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zezerov, E. G., Chripunova, V. I.:Electrometric method for tissue respiration measurement. Biokhimiya 26: 86, 1961. (Эезеров, Е. Г., Хрипупова, В. И.: Биохимия 26: 86, 1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Technical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague 4

    J. Hospodka & Z. Čáslavský

Authors
  1. J. Hospodka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Z. Čáslavský
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hospodka, J., Čáslavský, Z. Design and application of electrodes for the determination of dissolved oxygen. Folia Microbiol 10, 186–199 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02881012

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02881012

Keywords

Search

Navigation