Abstract
Synthesis of dipicolinic acid inPenicillium citreoviride showed typical kinetics of a secondary metabolite. Its synthesis resumed during idiophase and continued through stationary phase of growth. Total duration of synthesis was 100 h at the end of which its synthesis was arrested. Production of dipicolinic acid by the cells was subject to catabolite repression by glucose and was not subject to end product inhibition by exogenously added dipicolinic acid. Unlike the bacteria, dipicolinic acid synthesis in this mold was highly sensitive to inhibition by calcium ions in the growth medium. Calcium promoted sporulation but dipicolinic acid was not found to be present in detectable amounts in mold spores. Addition of dipicolinic acid and Ca2+ completely inhibited itsde novo synthesis, an effect not observed when calcium was replaced by Mg2+ When the mold was grown in the presence of calcium alone, its inhibitory effects onde novo synthesis of dipicolinic acid were expressed only after some of this metabolite was first synthesised by the producer cells suggesting that the active feedback inhibitor is probably a Ca: dipicolinic acid complex. It is suggested that over-production of this metabolite is very important to the mold in increasing its survival potential in nature by retrieving the essential minerals from the environment through ligand: metal complex at a time when cells are in the process of dying, so that a proper mineral balance is maintained within the cells
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- DPA:
-
dipicolinic acid
- SM:
-
basal synthetic medium
References
Aronson, A. I., Henderson, E. and Tincher, A. (1967)Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.,26, 454.
Bach, M. L. and Gilvarg, C. (1966)J. Biol. Chem.,21, 4563.
Black, S. H. Hashimoto, T. and Gerhandt, R. (1960)Can. J. Microbiol.,6, 213.
Church, B. D. and Halvorson, H. D. (1959)Nature (London) 183, 124.
Demain, A. L. (1966)Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 8, 1.
Demain, A. L. (1968)Lloydia,31, 395.
Demain, A. L. (1971)Adv. Biochem. Eng. 1, 113.
Forman, M. and Aronson, A. (1972)Biochem.,126, 503.
Fukuda, A. and Gilvarag, C. (1968)J. Biol. Chem. 243, 3871.
Hanson, R.S., Curry, M. V., Garner, J. V. and Halvorson, H. O. (1972)Cans. Microbiol.,18, 1139.
Hodson, P. H. and Foster, J. W. (1966)J. Bacteriol.,91, 562.
Janssen, F. W., Lund, A. J. and Anderson, L. C. (1958)Science,127, 26.
Kalle, G. P. (1978) inPerspectives in Industrial Microbiology, eds. G. P. Kalle, Y. M. Freitas and D. V. Tamanhe (Assn. of Microbiologists’ of India) p. 125.
Kanie, M., Fujimoto, S. and Foster, J. W. (1966)Bacteriol.,91, 570.
Murrel, W. S. (1967)Adv. Microb. Physiol.,1, 133.
Murrel, W. S., Ohye, D. F. and Gordon, R. S. (1969) inSpores IV, eds. L. L. Campbell (Am. Soc. Microbiol., Bethesda, Md) p. 1.
Pearce, J. M. and Fitz-James, P. C. (1971)J. Bacteriol.,107, 337.
Perry, J. J. and Foster, J. W. (1955)Bacteriol.,69, 337.
Pettersen, G., Cowling, E. B. and Porath, J. (1963)Biochim Biophys. Acta,67, 1.
Tamir, H. and Gilvarg, C. (1974)J. Biol. Chem.,249, 3034.
Tanenbaum. S. W. and Kaneko, K. (1964)Biochemistry,3, 1314.
Vinter, V. (1963)Folia Microb iol (Prague),8, 147.
Weinberg, E. D. (1970)Adv. Microb. Physiol.,4, 1.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kalle, G.P., Khandekar, P.S. Dipicolinic acid as a secondary metabolite inPenicillium citreoviride . J Biosci 5, 43–52 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02702592
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02702592