References
Dornbusch, S. The military academy as an assimilating institution.Social Forces 1955,33 316–321.
Giddens, A.New rules of sociological method. New York: Basic Books, 1976.
Goffman, E.The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, NY: Anchor, 1959.
Goffman, E.Behavior in public places. New York: Free Press, 1963.
Goffman, E.Interaction ritual. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor, 1967.
Goffman, E.Frame analysis. New York: Harper Colophon, 1974.
Goffman, E. Replies and responses.Language and Society 1976,5 257–313.
Malcolm X.The Autobiography of Malcolm X. New York: Grove, 1965.
Sacks, H. On the analysability of stories by children. In R. Turner (Ed.),Ethnomethodology. Middlesex: Penguin, 1974.
Schegloff, E. & Sacks, H. Opening up closings. In R. Turner (Ed.),Ethnomethodology. Middlesex: Penguin, 1974.
Simmel, G. In Kurt H. Wolff (Ed.),The Sociology of Georg Simmel. New York: Free Press, 1950.
Turner, R. Utterance positioning as an interactional resource.Semiotica 1976,17 233–254.
West, C. & Zimmerman, D. H. Women's place in everyday talk: Reflections on parent-child interaction.Social Problems 1977,24 521–529.
Woodley, R.Dealer. New York: Paperback Library, 1971.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Frank, A.W. Improper closings: The art of conversational repudiation. Hum Stud 5, 357–370 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02127685
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02127685